An International Data Space (IDS) aims to facilitate sovereign data sharing in business ecosystems. The GAIA-X project and the International Data Spaces Association (IDSA) lead initial European efforts to create such information systems. These institutions' high-level business rules and architectural guidelines are essential to attract companies interested in joining the IDS vision. However, companies may interpret these guidelines differently and derive implementations that have interoperability issues. This paper addresses this issue by reconciling data sovereignty and Enterprise Interoperability requirements into a Reference Enterprise Architecture for IDS. It aims to help companies create instantiations or specializations of organizational and software components to meet specific business cases' needs whil e preserving essential IDS principles. Representatives of two Enterprise Integration software companies interested in exploring the IDS vision helped refine the architecture through Technical-Action Research. An expert panel of representatives from the Dutch Logistics sector evaluated the architecture regarding its potential acceptance by small and medium enterprises (SMEs).

Decline in quality caused by daily use of facilities and infrastructure owned by an organization will certainly disrupt its function in supporting the performance of the organization. The solution that came from the research that has been conducted before is to develop android applications called Infiremis (Infrastructure and Facility Reporting Management Information System), that can be used to report damage to facilities and infrastructure and to track the status reporting. This android application was developed to be used by students, lecturers and staffs of Faculty of Computer Science Brawijaya University which those users has different background persona. Therefore, the usability of this android application need be tested to find out the value of effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction of the application to fulfill its purpose. This research was conducted mainly to discover the result of usability testing towards the android application of infrastructure and facility reporting management information system. Based on Usability Testing that has been done show that the level of effectiveness and satisfaction of Infiremis respectively is 97,14% and 89,7%, whereas for the efficiency score is 89,9%.

The wide urban-rural economic gap, particularly in developing countries, has led to various problems. To lower the gap, the participation of rural communities in digital business ecosystems is being viewed as a promising approach. To this end, we use design science research methodology to present a reference architecture of a rural smartness platform that facilitates the emergence of a smarter business ecosystem. This ecosystem embodies the characteristics of rural smartness, which are empirically proven to have a strong positive impact on improving the rural economic climate.Evaluation by means of expert opinion, technical action research, and empirical research suggest that the proposed architecture effectively improves the rural economic climate and is feasible to be implemented in a real-world setting. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge regarding the establishment of a digital business ecosystem for rural communities, particularly by proposing a solution resulting from a design science perspective that is backed by empirical evidence.

The International Data Spaces Association (IDSA) has promoted the idea of International Data Spaces as a place for companies to share data with trust and security enforced by software and organizational competence. There has been considerable progress in delivering corporate guidelines, technical specifications, and software components available for testing and deploying applications to support IDSbased ecosystems, such as the IDS data connectors classified by the Fraunhofer Institute. However, full implementation of IDS applications seems still complex and expensive for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). A possible strategy to deal with such an issue is to break the IDSA specification's complexity into smaller pieces and build small IDS ecosystems formed by its core business roles (e.g., data owners, users, and broker service providers). In this context, this paper addresses the problem of designing an application to support the broker service provider's role in operating in an IDS-based ecosystem. This research, therefore, follows a Design Science approach in a three-step process. First, it investigates problems of practical relevance elicited from the IDSA guidelines in combination with requirements provided by representatives of the Dutch Logistics sector. Second, it gives design to tackle the problem by combining Semantic Web, Linked Data, and Enterprise Architecture modeling artifacts. Last, it validates the architecture of the broker service provider's application by demonstrating its technical feasibility, innovation, and software integration.

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