This study was designed to embrace three areas: a) serologic and radiologic diagnosis and surgical treatment of hydatidosis in an asymptomatic human population, b) animal diagnosis and the treatment of dogs, and c) evaluation of extent of knowledge and performance of educational interventions among rural families and health, livestock, and education professionals and technicians, in order to help control the disease transmission cycle. Indirect hemagglutination and ELISA tests were performed on 5,556 apparently healthy people. Of these, 42 (0.8%) had positive results on both tests, for a seroprevalence of 754.6 per 100,000. These 42 subjects were scheduled for liver ultrasonography and a chest x-ray; of the 26 who complied, 16 showed images compatible with a hydatid cyst. Those 16 cases were sent to the hospital for surgery. In 9 of the cases the diagnosis was confirmed surgically, for a prevalence of 161.7 per 100,000. Arecoline hydrobromide was administered as a laxative to 2,358 dogs to detect the strobilar form of Echinococcus granulosus, and positive results were found in 11% of the dogs. Official data for slaughterhouses indicated the presence of hydatid cysts in 13% of the cattle, 4.4% of the sleep, and 4.2% of the pigs slaughtered in the region. The educational program included an evaluation of the extent of knowledge by surveying heads of household; an educational intervention among families through an informal active participatory process using educational games, in which 1,082 families participated; and an educational intervention with professionals and technicians using distance and in-person approaches. To evaluate the program, the results of knowledge tests before and after educational interventions with 200 families (cases) were compared with those from 95 families who did not participate (controls). Of the 1,423 heads of household initially surveyed about their knowledge of echinococcosis/hydatidosis, 783 of them (55%) said they knew nothing about the infection. It was found that the participatory educational games were well adapted to the lifestyle of people from rural areas and made change possible. Training was provided to 276 health professionals, 201 technical assistants, and 453 rural teachers. The program reached 100% of the staff members of the area's rural primary health care services.
The 5'-terminus of a rRNA operon (rmT& from Th~obucill~~rr~xtda~ was characterized. The rRNA promoters from this ~croorganism were identified by means of a functional assay in Escherichia coli. DNA sequencing of the promoter region, upstream the 16 S rRNA gene, showed the presence of a consensus sequence for bacterial ribosomal promoters. Other features such as a 'discriminator' sequence, antiterminator elements and an upstream hexanucleotide common to several rRNA operons were also found. Two other putative transcription promoters were also identified.Acidophjlic bacterium; Ribosomaf RNA; Promoter
Babesia equi and Babesia caballi are intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites transmitted by ticks, causing equine babesiosis. Although the reference techniques recommended by USDA and OIE are IFAT and CF, they yields falsenegative results and don´t let differentiate between babesia´s species. The implementation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a direct technique for the identification and characterization of these parasites, without doubt enrich the clinical diagnosis of babesiosis.. For all those reasons in the present report was estandarizated PCR for the identification of B. equi and B. caballi. The proceeding included blood DNA extraction protocol and the PCR optimization for the reaction mix and the termocyclig program, with four primers asigned P1 and P2 for B. equi and P3 and P4 for B. caballi. Both amplified in a selective way a conserved regions from the 16S rRNA genes (rDNA) of 659 bp for B. equi and 664 bp for B. caballi. The minimal amount of DNA detected from positives controls was 0,1 ng/µl for B. equi and 1ng/µl for B. caballi. The primer set chosen do not produced amplifications fragments using others DNAs, like Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma cruzi, Echinococcus granulosus, Fasciola hepatica. 77 horse blood specimens from Metropolitan Region, were tested for B. equi and B. caballi by PCR, 62 samples were negatives and 15 positives (14 to B. equi and 1 to B. caballi). With the aim of developing epidemiological studies, comparison PCR and microscopy, we are testing horse blood samples with suspicious of babesiosis.
The present study show the molecular characterization of Fasciola hepatica taken from cows, horses and sheeps, using the Random Amplified Polymorphic ADN Fragments (RAPDs-PCR) technique. The standardization of the optimal conditions of amplification and thermocyclation for F. hepatica by RAPDs-PCR were made, as the genetic markers for polymorphic identification of the parasites collected from different animals specie.The methodology used compared the genetic pattern between species and inside each specie. The results shows random genetic markers, given genetic variations of F. hepatica between species and inside each specie (polymorphism), and the amplifications fragments were between 135 and 741 pair of bases (bp).
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