A erosão praial consiste em um dos principais problemas ambientais em áreas costeiras, sendo as marés meteorológicas e a energia das ondas fatores importantes para a determinação do potencial erosivo em uma região. Os processos de erosão e acresção praial são resultado de um conjunto de interações morfodinâmicas com processos oceânicos e atmosféricos, fazendo com que a linha de costa possa avançar e/ou recuar ao longo do tempo. Neste trabalho analisamos o impacto do clima de ondas nos processos erosivos ocorridos na costa leste do município de Vera Cruz (BA) durante um ano climatológico. Com base em uma análise temporal de dados de vento e ondas para a identificação dos processos energéticos responsáveis pelos eventos erosivos registrados na região. Os resultados revelaram que as principais ocorrências de erosão na costa leste do município estão associadas a eventos sazonais no período de outono-inverno, combinando o cruzamento de frentes frias e marés de sizígia. Estes processos favorecem o aumento do nível médio do mar e, consequentemente, a altura das ondas na região, possibilitando um alto potencial destrutivo. O fator ambiental é considerado predominante na ação erosiva, porém os conjuntos de fatores antrópicos como: uso e ocupação do solo e construção de infraestrutura, combinados, favorecem a ocorrência dos eventos erosivos observados. A região costeira do município de Vera Cruz encontra-se em equilíbrio, apresentando mudanças de curto a médio prazo associadas a ações sazonais do campo de ondas (direção e intensidade) e aos regimes de ventos nos diferentes períodos do ano.Palavras-chave: Erosão costeira, Ondas, Potencial Energético, Vera Cruz. Estudo sobre o impacto do clima de ondas nos processos erosivos da costa do município de Vera Cruz (BA), Brasil. ABSTRACTBeach erosion is one of the main environmental problems in coastal areas. Meteorological tides and wave energy are important factors in determining the erosive potential of a region. The beach erosion and accretion processes are the result of morphodynamic interactions set, with oceanic and atmospheric processes, causing the coastline to advance and/or retreat over time. In this work we analyze the wave climate impact on the erosive processes that occurred on the east coast of Vera Cruz (BA), during a climatological year. Based on a temporal analysis of wind and wave data, to identify the energetic processes responsible for the erosive events recorded in this region. The results show that the main erosion occurrences on the east coast of Vera Cruz are associated with seasonal events in the autumn-winter period, combining the crossing of cold fronts and syzygy tides. These processes favor the increase of the mean sea level and, consequently, the waves height in the region, allowing a high destructive potential. The environmental factor is predominant in the erosive action, however, the sets of anthropic factors such as: land use and occupation and infrastructure construction, combined, favor the occurrence of the observed erosive events. The coastal region of Vera Cruz is in equilibrium, with short to medium term changes associated with seasonal wave field actions (direction and intensity) and wind trends in different periods of the year.Keywords: Coastal erosion, Waves, Energy Potential, Vera Cruz.
The geochemical analysis was carried out in the center-south portion of the state of Bahia, in the semi-arid region of Bahia, where outcrop the Paramirim Complex, Boquira Unit, Boquira Granite, Veredinha Granite, Serra do Espinhaço, detritus coverings and alluvial deposits. The Boquira Unit is known for lead-zinc mineralization. In this unit operated the Boquira mine, considered the largest lead and zinc mine in Brazil, until it was suddenly abandoned, leaving significant environmental liabilities of toxic metals such as lead, zinc, silver, barium, copper, chromium and nickel. To characterize the groundwater 16 physical-chemical parameters from 24 wells were used, obtained from the Water and Sanitation Engineering Company of Bahia - CERB. Its classification was made in the Piper Diagram and the ionic relations in meq/L. To evaluate the quality of the water we used the Consolidation Ordinance no 5/2017 of the Ministry of Health and World Health Organization. With the PHREEQC 3.5 hydrochemical model, the saturation index of the analyzed elements was calculated. The results showed predominance of calcium chloride waters (71% of the samples), with ionic relations of type rCa2+> rMg2+>rNa+ and rCl->rHCO3->rSO42+. Geochemical modeling indicated calcite (CaCO3), dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) and quartz (SiO2) as the main minerals with a tendency to precipitation. The first two were associated with the dissolution of the Boquira Unit carbonates and the third one with the quartzites of the Serra do Espinhaço Formation. The concentrations of calcium and chloride showed 54% and 25% of the samples above the Maximum Allowable Value for human consumption, respectively, representing a risk factor to the health of the population in the area.
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