Whey is a costly and environmentally harmful co-product. Coming from the activities of dairy industries, especially cheese production, whey cannot be discarded directly into the environment because it has a high content of organic matter, which can become an environmental and economic problem, since its treatment for subsequent disposal is time consuming and laborious. In recent decades, however, much research has been developed in search of viable alternatives for the use of whey, instead of just discarding it. One alternative to this is the valorization of whey. The valorization of whey is, therefore, of great interest for economic-environmental reasons and is essential to meet the requirements of Agenda 2030, especially with regard to ODS 6, 9 and 12 (Drinking Water and Sanitation; Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure; Responsible Consumption and Production, respectively). This article sought to present a characterization of the production of whey, through a literature review using bibliometric techniques, in order to highlight some alternatives for the reuse and valorization of whey in the industry and its relationship with the environment and the environmental impacts correlated to the disposal and improper handling. Pointing out industrial sectors that can insert whey in production with a view to sustainability and reduction of environmental impacts. With the review of the selected articles to compose this work, it was possible to identify that the valorization of whey is an excellent alternative that should be implemented in industries and that provides gains in both economic and environmental issues.
O estudo de eventos extremos de precipitação torna-se essencial e relevante devido aos impactos e implicações que estes eventos provocam na sociedade. No município de Macaé esses eventos adversos são constantes, sendo o que mais registrou ocorrência de alagamentos caracterizados como desastres no estado do Rio de Janeiro, no período de 1991 a 2012, no Atlas Brasileiro de Desastres Naturais. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a variabilidade dos valores obtidos através dos métodos Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) e Generalized Pareto Distribution(GPD) para determinação do nível de retorno de eventos extremos de precipitação no município de Macaé. O modelo estatístico Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) foi adotado e o diagnóstico do modelo validado. Adicionalmente, a análise post hoc foi realizada através do Tukey Honest Significant Difference. As análises estatísticas foram implementadas no ambiente de software R. De fato, constata-se que existem diferenças significativas entre as estimativas dos níveis de precipitação segundo métodos e estação do ano. Os resultados podem auxiliar análises futuras e corroboram com a escolha do melhor método para entender a variação e o comportamento de eventos com grandes volumes pluviométricos em curta duração de tempo ou enxurradas. Sendo portanto, um estudo relevante para auxiliar no planejamento e na implementação de ações de políticas públicas a serem aplicadas em problemas oriundos de tais eventos.
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