Among the agricultural production factors, the water deficit is one of the main reasons that limits soy production in Brazil. In order to mitigate losses due to water stress in the plants, hydrogels appear as soil water conditioners. They are polymers capable of absorbing large amounts of water and are being used as a viable alternative to improve the storage of water in areas of scarcity. Hydrogen concentrations between 14 and 18 kg ha-1 resulted in higher plant height, number of pods, one hundred grain mass and grain yield.
The population increase and the need of intensifying food production, coupled with the scarcity of water resources, have led to the search of alternatives that reduce consumption and optimize the water use during cultivation. In this context, hydrogels become a strategy in agricultural management, due to their water retention capacity in the soil and availability to plants. This study aimed at evaluating the efficiency of hydrogels on the development and production of cowpea bean ('Sempre-verde' cultivar) under water stress, in a greenhouse. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design, with five replications, in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, consisting of four types of hydrogel (Hydroplan-EB HyA, with granulometry of 1-3 mm; Hydroplan-EB HyB, with granulometry of 0.5-1 mm; Hydroplan-EB HyC, with granulometry < 0.5 mm; Polim-Agri, with granulometry of 1-0.5 mm) and five concentrations (0 g pot-1; 1.5 g pot-1; 3 g pot-1; 4.5 g pot-1; 6 g pot-1). The following traits were evaluated: number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod and grain yield. The highest concentration (6 g pot-1) resulted in a higher number of pods and yield for all the hydrogels, especially for HyC and Polim-Agro, which presented 7.4 pods plant-1 and 7.0 pods plant-1, with yield of 15.43 g plant-1 and 16.68 g plant-1, respectively. The use of hydrogel shows to be efficient for reducing yield losses under water stress.
Introdução No Brasil, a expansão da agricultura e o aumento da produtividade nos cerrados estão entre as opções do aumento da produção. Nesta região, porém, os solos possuem limitações para produção agrícola pela baixa fertilidade e elevada acidez associada a veranicos e pela falta de água disponível na prolongada estação seca (CHAVES; CALEGARI, 2001 apud
A escolha e seleção de genitores podem ser auxiliadas por várias análises multivariadas que orientam os melhoristas na tomada de decisão em um programa de melhoramento, dentre elas, podendo destacar as análises de dissimilaridade genética. Diante disso, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a divergência genética de dezenove cultivares de feijão comum cultivado no Estado do Tocantins. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Para identificar a dissimilaridade das cultivares estudada, avaliou-se altura de planta, inserção de primeira vagem, diâmetro de caule, número de vagem por planta, número de grãos por vagem, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade de grãos. Conclui-se que existe variabilidade genética entre as cultivares estudadas; a massa de cem grãos foi à característica que mais contribuiu para a dissimilaridade genética entre os cultivares. A variabilidade genética permitiu a identificação de cultivares divergentes, sugerindo os cruzamentos entre (IAC Boreal x IPR Chopim), (IAC Boreal x IAC Carioca Eté), (IAC Boreal x IPR Saracura), (IAC Boreal x IPR Corujinha), (IAC Boreal x IPR Colibri), (IAC Boreal x IAC Diplomata), (IAC Boreal x IAC Una), (IAC Boreal x IPR Juriti), (IAC Boreal x IAC Centauro) e (IAC Boreal x IAC Galante) visando à produtividade de grãos.
This study aimed to evaluate the response curve of phosphorus fertilization to the development and productivity of Salvia hispânica L. in Cerrado soils in the South of Tocantins. The Chia seeds used in the experiments came from producers in the region of Katueté -Paraguay. The experiments were carried out in the experimental area at the Federal University of Tocantins, University Campus of Gurupi-TO, in the agricultural years 2014/2016, through a randomized block design with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of five levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 kg ha −1 ). At 120 days after emergence, the following characteristics were evaluated plant height, upper stem height, stem diameter, bunches number, length of bunches, and grain Productivity. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression at the 5% probability level by the F test. The analysis of the results showed that the doses of 30 and 60 kg ha −1 of phosphorus influenced positively in the most development and productivity in the culture of Chia in the harvest 2014/2015. The results also showed that increasing doses of phosphorus had not positive effects in the agronomic characteristics at the cultu re of Chia n the harvest 2015/2016. The maximum grains Productivity found in the isolated doses of P was superior to 157 kg ha −1 .
The cultivation of that legume is widespread throughout the country presenting high expression in the social and economic issues. The aim of this work was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and disease incidence in ten common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars grown in Cerrado soils. The research was developed under field conditions during two cropping years. The studied cultivars were: IAC -Galante, IAC -Centauro, IAC -Una, IPR-Tiziu, IAC -Carioca Eté, IPR -Juriti, IPR -Colibri, IPREldorado, IPR -Siriri and IPR-Corujinha. Grain yield of cultivars IPR-Juriti (Carioca) and IPR -Colibri (Carioca) remained stable during the two cultivation years; the IAC -Una and IPR -Siriri cultivars were the most productive in 2010. In the offseason of 2012 the cultivar IPR -Eldorado distinguished among others; for most cultivars symptoms of anthracnose and common bacterial blight were detected however with a low disease incidence. The cultivars were not infected with rust.
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