Damjanović-Vratnica B., Đakov T., Šuković D., Damjanović J. (2011): Antimicrobial effect of essential oil isolated from Eucalyptus globulus Labill. from Montenegro. Czech J. Food Sci., 29: 277-284.Chemical composition of the essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus Labill., grown in Montenegro, was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and its antimicrobial activity was evaluated against 17 microorganisms, including food poisoning and spoilage bacteria and human pathogens.The Eucalyptus essential oil yield was 1.8% (w/w) on the fresh weight basis, whereas the analysis resulted in the identification of a total of 11 constituents, 1.8 cineole (85.8%), α-pinene (7.2%), and β-myrcene (1.5%) being the main components. Other compounds identified in the oil were β-pinene, limonene, α-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, linalool, pinocarveol, terpinen-4-ol, and α-terpineol. The results of the antimicrobial activity tests revealed that the essential oil of E. globulus has rather a strong antimicrobial activity, especially against Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, acinetobacter baumannii, and klebsiella pneumoniae. Minimum inhibitory concentration revealed the lowest activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonela infantis (3.13 mg/ml) while the highest activity was against S. aureus, E. coli, and S. pyogenes (0.09 mg/ml).

Vranac, an old autochthonous red grapevine variety of Montenegro, was first mentioned in a historical document published in the 15th century. As currently the study of indigenous varieties is of particular importance, the subject of this work was detailed characterization of phenolic compounds in the autochthonous grapevine variety Vranac, from the Montenegrin Podgorica subregion. Phenolic profiles of leaves, berries (skin, seeds, and pulp were examined separately) and young monovarietal wine were determined using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with linear trap quadrupole (LTQ)—Orbitrap XL mass spectrometry (MS). Total phenolic content (TPC) and radical scavenging activity (RSA) were higher for the grape seeds extracts, followed by extracts of grape skins and pulps. As expected, the total anthocyanin content (TAC) was higher in grape skin than in wine. A total of one hundred twenty nine compounds (forty two phenolic acids and their derivatives, twenty three flavan-3-ols, twenty one flavanols, five stilbenes and thirty eight anthocyanins) were identified in the investigated extracts. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of tentative identification of (epi)catechin 3-O-coumarate in grape seed and chalcan-flavan 3-ol dimers in wine and grape seed.

Concentrations of eleven trace elements (Zn, M n, Cu, Fe, Cr, Ni, Co, Hg, Pb, Cd and As) as well as the principal components of fish flesh (water%, dry matter%, fat%, protein%, ash% and Ca and M g concentration) were determined in muscles of six fish species (Scardinus knezevici, Alburnus scoranza, Cyprinus carpio, Rutilus prespensis, Anguilla anguilla and Perca fluviatilis) collected from Skadar Lake in 2016. This study, being the first of its kind in fish from M ontenegrin lakes, gave the following overall ranking of the investigated elements in fish muscle: Zn > Fe > M n > Cu > Hg > Cr > As > Ni > Pb > Cd. Several significant inter-metal correlations were observed, while significant relationships between metal concentrations and fish age and size were established predominantly for essential elements. Significant inter-species differences in accumulation of analyzed trace elements were confirmed for Zn, M n, Fe and As. The total metal accumulation was the highest in roach and the lowest in perch, while European eel was found to accumulate more arsenic than other fish species. The consumption of fish from Skadar Lake doesn't pose a risk to human health.

No abstract

Effect of vegetation cycle on phytochemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of wild-growing winter savory (Satureja montana L.) from Montenegro was analysed by GC-MS and its antibacterial activity tested at different oil concentrations. A total of 36 and 34 constituents were identified in the hydrodistilled oil obtained from herb before flowering and during flowering stage, with major components: thymol (37,36% and 27,68%), carvacrol (15,47% and 4,40%), γ-terpinene (11,75% and 8.66%) and p-cymene (7,86% and 31, 37%), respectively. The gained results revealed that essential oil of S. montana has rather significant antibacterial activity against chosen bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Also, it was found that vegetation cycle affects the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of savory essential oil. Essential oil gained prior to herb flowering period showed stronger antibacterial activity in comparison with the oil gained during herb flowering

No abstract

The European Commission (EC) regulation no. 854/2004 requires a systematic monitoring of chemical and microbiological contaminants in live bivalve molluscs, live echinoderms, live tunicates and live marine gastropods for human consumption through surveillance plans to be implemented in all European Union (EU) countries.A consortium of five Adriatic countries was set up in the framework of the Instrument of Pre-accession Assistance Adriatic Cross-border Cooperation Programme (IPA Adriatic CBC) 2007- 2013 with the aim of collecting data and distribute information on harvesting and production in mollusc areas. A web-based geographical information system (GIS) application was developed to support the partners to manage data and to make these data available to final users, policy makers and to risk assessors. The GIS for the Strengthening of Centres for Aquaculture Production and Safety surveillance in the Adriatic countries (CAPS2) is divided into two levels, the national and the supranational one, and it distributes spatial and epidemiological information coming from various data acquisition and management sites. The great innovation is the possibility for each country to use online drawing, modifying and change of the geographic areas according to national surveillance needs. Currently it hosts data coming from about 230 production and relay areas with more than 29,478 laboratory tests performed on collected samples since August 2014. Data collected are used by each national competent authority to classify production or relay areas according to the EC regulation mentioned and to conduct risk assessment studies to evaluate the level of consumers’ exposure to contaminants in the consumption of bivalve mollusc products.

This paper deals with the concentration of Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr and Zn, and activity concentrations of 137 Cs, 40 K, as well as levels of 226 Ra and 232 Th through their daughters 214 Bi and 228 Ac, in muscles of six fish species from the South Adriatic Sea adjacent to Montenegro. Specimens of three mullet species from the Liza genus -Liza aurata (golden grey mullet), Liza saliens (leaping mullet) and Liza ramada (thinlip grey mullet), were caught by a trawl net in the area of Tivat -Boka Kotorska Bay, as well as Merluccius merluccius (European hake), Dicentrarchus labrax (European seabass), Sparus aurata (gilt-head sea bream). Element concentrations were determined in a standard procedure using iCAP 6000 ICP-OES and atomic absorption spectrophotometer AA-6800, whilst radionuclide activity concentrations -in a standard HPGe ORTEC gamma spectrometry. The results showed a level of 137 Cs somewhat lower than in the muscles of previously analyzed the other (mullet) species from the South Adriatic, in contrast to 214 Bi level which is mostly found to be slightly higher than its parent ( 226 Ra) level in the other previously analyzed species. Committed effective dose from the annual intake of radionuclides due to an adult fish consumption is found to be highest for M. merluccius (13.8 Sv), showing all the radionuclides above minimum detectable activity.In muscle of L. aurata element concentrations were found to be ordered as: Fe>Zn>Cr>Mn>Ni>Cu>Pb>Cd. This species showed a concentration of each element higher than the other species (particularly Pb, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Cr). The concentration of Zn only could be considered as more or less comparable in all the muscles. No one muscle showed a concentration of toxic trace elements Pb and Cd exceeding the limits from the EU regulations. A potential health risk associated with Pb and Cd intake due to consumption of analyzed fish species is estimated using the target hazard quotient found to be 0.055.