No abstract

In 2015, drowning in Brazil was responsible for 6,043 deaths and was the second leading cause of death in children. Although several prevention strategies have been promoted to reduce drowning, most are still based on low levels of evidence. This study evaluated the effectiveness of prevention and water safety interventions in reducing drowning mortality. Data obtained from the National Mortality System for 36 years were split in two time periods to allow the comparison of drowning mortality numbers before and after implementation of SOBRASA's drowning prevention and water safety programs and to check for any positive effects attributable to such programs. To assess differences between the two periods, a "drowning water safety score" (DSS) was estimated and compared to mortality/100,000 of population. There were 258,834 drowning deaths over 36 years. A significant decrease of 27% in drowning rates (5.2 to 3.8/100,000; p<0.05) was observed when comparing the pre and post-preventive interventions time periods. Males died 5.3 times more frequently than females, and mortality was higher in the 15-19-year age group (16.4%;4.7/100,000) than in other age groups. A linear dependent association was observed between prevention and water safety interventions and years affiliated to the national lifesaving organization (SOBRASA). A strong and significant association (OR=241.7; CI95% [9.0-64.84]) between DSS and drowning reduction was observed. The DSS is a fundamental measure for institutions/municipalities/states/countries to estimate the efforts needed to achieve their drowning reduction goals. From this study, a DSS above 100 (i.e.: 10 actions implemented over 10 years) was able to reduce drowning deaths by as much as 2.3% a year.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a atividade mioelétrica (EMG), o tempo sob tensão (TST) e a projeção dos joelhos no exercício agachamento sem o uso de implementos (SI) e com o uso de physioball (PH) e banda elástica (BE) em diferentes intensidades de esforço. Dez homens realizaram o exercício nos três protocolos com a intensidade de 50 e 100% de 10 RM. A distância entre joelhos no protocolo controle (51,25cm) foi menor quando comparada com o SI 50% (84,38cm; p < 0,001), com o SI 100% (88,80cm; p < 0,001) e com BE 100% (67,41cm; p = 0,014). A distância entre os joelhos também foi menor para os protocolos PH 100% (53,10cm; p < 0,001) e BE 100% (67,41cm; p < 0,001) comparada ao SI 100% (88,80cm). O Vasto Medial Oblíquo (VMO) apresentou maior ativação nos protocolos SI 50% (p = 0,035) e PH 50% (p = 0,028) quando comparados ao protocolo BE 50%. A realização do agachamento com cargas submáximas parece aumentar e diminuir a ativação do VMO quando realizado com PH e BE, respectivamente.

No abstract

Introdução: O Pentatlo Militar (PMil) é uma modalidade ímpar por possuir características específicas da profissão militar. Identificar o perfil associado ao bom desempenho pode auxiliar na seleção de atletas e na identificação de variáveis importantes para acompanhar a eficácia do treinamento. Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre variáveis antropométricas e desempenho esportivo em atletas de elite de PMil. Métodos: Participaram da pesquisa cinco atletas da equipe de PMil masculina do Exército Brasileiro. Calculou-se os componentes da composição corporal: percentual de gordura (%G), massa gorda (MG) e massa livre de gordura (MLG). Foram considerados os melhores resultados de competições oficiais (2017) em análise de Clusters e teste de correlação de Spearman. Resultados: Houve correlação muito forte positiva de MLG com o desempenho da prova de corrida através-campo (8km) (r=0,90,p=0,04). Não houve correlação significativa com as demais provas da modalidade (tiro, pista de natação utilitária, pista de pentatlo militar e lançamento de granada). Conclusão: A correlação positiva e muito forte de MLG com o desempenho na prova de corrida indica a destacada relevância desse componente corporal para o desempenho dos pentatletas militares de alto rendimento.

Aim: to compile existing information in the scientific literature on female military pentathlon athletes. Methods: searches were performed on Pubmed/Medline, Scielo, and Scholar Google databases with specific strings in English and Portuguese. Results: military pentathlon is a discipline that comprises five events, namely: rifle shooting, obstacle run, obstacle swimming, throwing, and cross country running. Our search initially identified 275 records, which were reduced to the final list of 14 after the eligibility criteria analysis was performed in two phases: title + abstract reading and full-text reading. The first record was published in 2007 (recent field of study) and most studies were cross-sectional ones (scarcity of experimental studies), investigating outcomes like psychological, anthropometric, biochemical, biomechanics, cardiopulmonary, nutritional, skin temperature, performance, and prevalence of injury. The female military pentathlon athletes present low values of body fat, energy intake, and high weekly training volume, so professionals must be aware to prevent relative energy deficiency in sports (RED-S) syndrome. The obstacle run was the most investigated event, with lower blood lactate and skin temperature for women athletes. It was also observed that anthropometric, muscle power, and cardiopulmonary variables are well correlated with athletic performance and in some studies, these correlations were stronger for female athletes. Conclusion: scientific research with female military pentathlon athletes is still incipient, especially for experimental design researches, which are highly encouraged in future studies.

Introduction: The improvement of aerobic and anaerobic capacity in athletes of different sports is related to high-intensity exercise performance, which causes cellular microlesions and leads to an inflammatory process necessary for muscle adaptation. Biochemical markers, such as creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), have been used to measure muscle and inflammatory damage to identify the physiological response and improving sports performance. Objective: To describe the changes in the CK and LDH biomarkers after interval running at high intensity. Methods: We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020201678), with a literature search, in February 2021, in the Medline, Lilacs, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and Scielo databases. We used the descriptors “HIIT”, “L-Lactate Dehydrogenase”, “Creatine Kinase” and their synonyms, available in the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Results: From the 80 studies found, 6 met the inclusion criteria. Of these, four studies showed significant increases in CK and LDH simultaneously, while one study observed a significant increase only in CK and the other study only in LDH. The increases in biomarkers occurred at different magnitudes. The studies’ protocols and the sample characteristics showed high heterogeneity. Conclusion: High-intensity interval running can acutely elevate CK and LDL levels, making them excellent markers for injury risk and exercise load dosing.

Aim: to correlate cardiopulmonary capacity widely used variables with athletic performance in 4 km cross country race, in elite female military pentathlon athletes. Methods: Five military pentathlon athletes from Brazilian team with 27.5 [25.0; 29.3] years old underwent an incremental ramp treadmill test to determine VO 2 max, vVO 2 max (velocity of initial VO 2 plateau), maximum velocity, and these same variables in anaerobic threshold. Furthermore, the performance obtained on the cross-country race of the last trial before the world military games was recorded. Spearman's correlations were used to investigate the association between cardiopulmonary variables and athletic performance (p < 0.05). Results: The athletes exhibited a median total body weight of 64.3 [60.9; 66.6] kg and height of 1.75 [1.66; 1.76] cm. Race performance was positively correlated with vVO 2 max (r = 0.98, very strong correlation) and maximum velocity reached (r = 0.95, very strong correlation). The remaining cardiopulmonary variables did not show similar behavior, with r varying between -0.26 and 0.44. Conclusion: Maximum velocity and vVO 2 max indicators are directly related to athletic performance in the 4 km cross country race of elite female military pentathlon athletes. Thus, the technical team must pay particular attention to athletic performance in these cardiopulmonary variables in both the selection of new athletes and the identification of the effectiveness of applied training strategies.