Cannabis consumption is on the rise in the French-speaking Community of Belgium, especially among teenagers. The physical and mental harms related to that drug prompted us to search for factors associated with cannabis consumption. The aim of this paper is thus to identify a series of potential predictors of teenager's cannabis use and particularly the influence of peer and family integration. The data analyzed were taken from the 1998 data bank "Health Behavior in School-Aged Children", an international quantitative cross-national study, which takes place every four years. The variables investigated were peer and family integration and the habit of drug consumption (tobacco, alcohol or a narcotic other than cannabis) as potential determinants of the experimentation, current usage of cannabis (at least once a month) and regular usage (at least once a week). Apart from the socio-demographic variables, these predictors were investigated by univariate and multivariate analysis (logistic regression). The analyses covered 744 students in Catholic high schools. Results showed that 30.2% of students had tried to smoke cannabis and 50% of them continued to smoke it at least during the previous month. Age, number of income in the family, strong peer group integration [OR 7.7; CI95% (3.5;17.3)] and drug-consumption habit [for example, tobacco use: OR 7.4; CI95% (4.8; 11.32)] were associated with cannabis experimentation. Age, gender, nationality, average family integration [OR 2.13; CI95% (1.1;4.1)] and other drugs use as addiction to nicotine [OR 9.5; CI95% (5.6;16.3)] determined the current consumption of the substance. Preventive action should aim at improving the teenager's integration into the family circle in order to prevent the trial and consumption of cannabis. In addition, prevention should include the consumption of (addictive) substances in general.
Human resources in health care system in sub-Saharan Africa are generally picturing a lack of adequacy between expected skills from the professionals and health care needs expressed by the populations. It is, however, possible to analyse these various lacks of adequacy related to human resource management and their determinants to enhance the effectiveness of the health care system. From two projects focused on nurse professionals within the health care system in Central Africa, we present an analytic grid for adequacy levels looking into the following aspects:-adequacy between skills-based profiles for health system professionals, quality of care and service delivery (health care system /medical standards), needs and expectations from the populations, -adequacy between allocation of health system professionals, quality of care and services delivered (health care system /medical standards), needs and expectations from the populations, -adequacy between human resource management within health care system and medical standards, -adequacy between human resource management within education/teaching/training and needs from health care system and education sectors, -adequacy between basic and on-going education and realities of tasks expected and implemented by different categories of professionals within the health care system body, -adequacy between intentions for initial and on-going trainings and teaching programs in health sciences for trainers (teachers/supervisors/health care system professionals/ directors (teaching managers) of schools...).This tool is necessary for decision-makers as well as for health care system professionals who share common objectives for changes at each level of intervention within the health system. Setting this adequacy implies interdisciplinary and participative approaches for concerned actors in order to provide an overall vision of a more broaden system than health district, small island with self-rationality, and in which they operate.
Contexte : la réforme de la formation infirmière oblige de mettre l’accent sur la qualité de l’encadrement clinique. Objectif : identifier la perception des encadrants de stage du processus de gestion et de la qualité de l’encadrement clinique des étudiants de l’Institut national médico-sanitaire (INMeS). Méthode : une étude descriptive transversale qualitative et quantitative a été menée auprès des encadrants du Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire et de l’Hôpital de la Mère et de l’Enfant Lagune du Bénin. Les données recueillies à l’aide d’un questionnaire auto-administré ont été traitées avec EPI INFO version 3.5.4 et selon une analyse de contenu. Résultats : 92 % des encadrants n’ont reçu aucune formation spécifique à l’encadrement. Il n’existe ni cadre formel et réglementaire propice à l’encadrement, ni référentiel d’encadrement. La collaboration entre l’INMeS et les sites de stage est faible. L’encadrement n’est pas intégré dans les missions des services, mais plutôt lié à une occasion contextuelle. La durée journalière du stage est jugée courte pour un réel apprentissage. L’évaluation sommative dont la grille de critères est inadaptée se fait en l’absence de l’étudiant. Discussion : ces résultats démontrent la faible qualité de l’encadrement clinique. Conclusion : les insuffisances relevées serviront de base à l’amélioration de la qualité de l’encadrement clinique.
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