O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar diferentes doses de fertilizante de liberação lenta (FLL) no desenvolvimento de mudas de Schinus terebinthifolius e Sebastiania commersoniana. O estudo foi realizado na região do Vale do Itajaí (SC), entre março e dezembro de 2009, em viveiro localizado no município de Rio do Sul, com sementes provenientes da própria região. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 6 tratamentos em 4 repetições, tendo 40 plantas como unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram: T1–0 kg (testemunha); T2–2 kg; T3–4 kg; T4–6 kg; T5–8 kg e T6–10 kg de FLL por m³ de substrato-base. Decorridos 189 (aroeira) e 245 (branquilho) dias da semeadura, foram analisadas as variáveis altura total, diâmetro do coleto, biomassa seca da parte aérea, biomassa seca da raiz, biomassa seca total e dose de máxima eficiência técnica. As mudas de aroeira e branquilho tiveram um melhor crescimento com a dose de 10 kg de FLL por m³ de substrato padrão e 6 kg de FLL por m3, respectivamente. Ambas as plantas responderam significativamente ao uso do fertilizante de liberação lenta, apresentando as seguintes doses de máxima eficiência técnica: 9,48 (aroeira) e 5,54 kg.m-3 (branquilho) de Basacote 6M.Palavras-chave:Branquilho; aroeira-vermelha; fertilização; produção de mudas; qualidade de mudas florestais.AbstractSlow release fertilizer in development of Schinus terebinthifolius and Sebastiania commersoniana seedlings. This reserach aimed to evaluate different doses of slow-release fertilizer (FLL) in Schinus terebinthifolius and Sebastiania commersoniana seedlings development. The study was conducted in Vale do Itajai (SC), between March and December 2009, in a nursery in the city of Rio do Sul, with seeds from the region. The experimental design was completely randomized with 6 treatments in 4 replications, with 40 plants as experimental unit. The treatments were: T1-0 kg (control), T2-2 kg, T3- 4kg-, T4-6 kg; T5-8kg; and T6-10 kg per m³ FLL substrate base. After 189 (aroeira) and 245 (branquilho) days of sowing, the variables analyzed were total height, diameter, shoot dry biomass, root dry weight, total biomass and maximum dose of technical efficiency. The seedlings of aroeira and branquilho had better growth with the dose of 10 kg per cubic meter of FLL standard substrate and 6 kg per m3 of FLL, respectively. Both plants responded significantly to the use of slow release fertilizer, with the following maximum doses of technical efficiency 9.48 (aroeira) and 5.54 kg.m-3 (branquilho) of Basacote 6M.Keywords: Sebastiana; red aroeira; fertilization; seedling production; quality forest seedlings.
ResumoUma das ações mais importantes para aumentar a produção de mudas de essências florestais é a fertilização do substrato. A utilização de fertilizante de liberação lenta (FLL) pode contribuir para a obtenção de mudas de melhor qualidade. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar doses crescentes de FLL e fertilizante convencional (FC), bem como comparar esses fertilizantes no desenvolvimento de mudas de Eucalyptus grandis. O estudo foi realizado na região do Vale do Itajaí, SC. Os tratamentos foram a adição de FLL e FC para cada experimento nas seguintes doses de formulado: T1 -0 kg (testemunha); T2 -2 kg; T3 -4 kg; T4 -6 kg; T5 -8 kg e T6 -10 kg.m -3 de substrato-base. Decorridos 174 dias da semeadura, foram analisadas as variáveis altura total, diâmetro do colo, biomassa fresca da parte aérea, biomassa seca da parte aérea, biomassa seca da raiz, biomassa seca total, dose de máxima eficiência técnica e teores de nutrientes da parte aérea das mudas de cada tratamento. Em todos os tratamentos houve resposta positiva no desenvolvimento das mudas, entretanto as mudas tiveram melhor crescimento sob doses entre 9,1 e 12,9 kg.m -3 de fertilizante de liberação lenta. Palavras-chave: Qualidade de mudas; nutrição de mudas; vivericultura; fertilização; substrato. Abstract Slow release fertilizer in development of seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis.One of the most important actions to increase production of seedlings is substrate fertilization. The use of slow release fertilizer (FLL) can contribute to the achievement of best seedlings. The aim of this research was to evaluate increasing doses of FLL and FC, as well as compare these fertilizers in developing seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis. The study was conducted in Vale do Itajai, Santa Catarina State. The treatments were the addition of FLL and HR in each experiment in the following doses: T1 -0 kg (control), T2 -2 kg; T3 -4 kg, T4 -6 kg; T5 -8 kg and T6 -10 kg.m -3 of base substrate. After 174 days of sowing, the variables analyzed were total height, stem diameter, fresh weight of shoot, shoot dry biomass, root dry weight, total biomass and maximum dose of technical efficiency, and nutrient levels of the seedlings of each treatment. In all treatments there was positive response in seedling development, however, the plants had better growth in doses ranging from 9.1 to 12.9 kg.m -3 of slow release fertilizer.
RESUMOCom o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento de duas espécies arbóreas nativas -Anadenanthera peregrina (angico-vermelho) e Schinus terebinthifolius (aroeira-vermelha) -submetidas a doses de fertilizante de liberação lenta na formulação 13-06-16, conduziu-se um experimento em viveiro utilizando uma mistura de matérias-primas com composto orgânico, vermiculita e Plantmax® para compor substrato base. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos em quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: T1-0 kg (testemunha); T2-2 kg; T3-4 kg; T4-6 kg; T5-8 kg e T6-10 kg de fertilizante de liberação lenta por metro cúbico de substrato base. Avaliou-se aos 189 dias após a semeadura a altura total, diâmetro do colo, biomassa fresca da parte aérea, biomassa seca da parte aérea, biomassa seca da raiz, biomassa seca total, relação entre altura e diâmetro do colo e o índice de qualidade de Dickson. Os resultados evidenciam que a aplicação de fertilizante de liberação lenta leva a ganhos significativos de crescimento em ambas as espécies, sendo as melhores doses 6,68 a 5,54 kg m -3 para a espécie Anadenanthera peregrina, e 8,38 a 14,42 kg m -3 para Schinus terebinthifolius. Palavras-chave: viveiro; substrato florestal; fertilização de mudas; qualidade de mudas. ABSTRACTIn order to assess the development of two native species, Anadenanthera peregrina and Schinus terebinthifolius, submitted to doses of slow-release fertilizer formulation 13-06-16, an experiment was conducted in greenhouse using a mixture of raw materials with organic compost, vermiculite and plantmax to compose base substrate. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications. The treatments were : T1-0 kg (control), T2-2 kg, 4 kg-T3 , T4-6 kg, T5-8 kg and T6 -10 kg slow release fertilizer per cubic meter of base substrate . Was evaluated at 189 days after sowing the total height, stem diameter, fresh weight of shoot, dry shoot biomass, root dry biomass, total biomass, the relationship between height and stem diameter and quality index Dickson. The results
Climate warming is predicted to raise the mean global temperature by 1 • C in the next 50 years, and this change is believed to be capable of affecting soil organic matter cycling and nutrient availability. With the aim of increasing knowledge on the response of forest soils to the ongoing climate change, we used altitude as a proxy for temperature change and studied chemical and biochemical properties of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest soils at two altitudes (800 and 1000 m) from central Apennines (Italy). Results showed that 1 • C of mean annual air temperature difference between the sites at the two altitudes had greater effect on the mineral horizons than on the organic horizons. At higher altitude, mineral soil had limited development, higher pH, and higher organic matter content due to the lower efficiency of the microbial community. Enzymatic activities of the organic horizons were generally not affected by altitude. Conversely, we observed a higher activity of xylosidase, β-glucosidase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, arylsulfatase, and leucine-aminopeptidase in the sub-superficial horizons (Bw1 and Bw2) of the soils at 1000 m. We hypothesized that, as a response to environmental and climatic constraints occurring at higher altitude, plant roots increase the production of enzymes directly and/or indirectly by triggering the microbial community through exudation.
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) was used to measure the concentration of macronutrients (carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg)) and micronutrients (sodium (Na), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn)) in yerba mate leaves. We collected 270 samples of yerba mate, growing in association with eucalyptus, in different cultivation conditions, in the harvest seasons of the years 2011 and 2012. Calibration models, comprising 216 samples for calibration and internal validation of the models and 54 for external prediction. The results allowed determination of the mineral elements, providing values of the correlation coefficient (R) higher than 0.90, on calibration models. The predictive power of the models was verified and showed that NIR has potential to successful quantify P (R=0.62), Fe (R=0.75) and Cu (R= 0.89) in this study. On the other hand, for C, K, Na, Mn and Zn the technique were not efficient.
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