Thioether complexes of WECl4 and WECl3 (E = S, O) are prepared and characterised; the dinuclear [(WSCl4)2{iPrS(CH2)2SiPr}] is shown to be an effective single source precursor for low pressure CVD of WS2 thin films.
The electrodeposition of MoS2 from dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) using tetrabutylammonium tetrathiomolybdate ([NnBu4]2[MoS4]) as a single source precursor is presented. The electrodeposition of MoS2 from CH2Cl2 requires addition of a proton donor to the electrolyte and trimethylammonium chloride (Me3NHCl) was used for this purpose. Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM) experiments have been employed for a detailed study of the electrochemical mechanism and to study the role of the proton donor. EQCM reveals cathodic electrodeposition of MoS2 and anodic deposition of MoS3 as well as an additional corrosion process where the deposited MoS3 strips back into solution. The electrodeposited MoS2 films are amorphous in nature. All the films were found to be homogeneous in composition across the electrode area and to be reproducible between experiments. Annealing of the as-deposited films under a sulfur atmosphere results in crystalline MoS2 as confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The deposited films were smooth and planar, as observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), indicating a layer-by-layer growth typical of transition metal dichalogenides.
BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) patients with a high risk of stroke are recommended anticoagulation with warfarin. However, the benefit of warfarin is dependent upon time spent within the target therapeutic range (TTR) of their international normalised ratio (INR) (2.0 to 3.0). AF patients possess limited knowledge of their disease and warfarin treatment and this can impact on INR control. Education can improve patients' understanding of warfarin therapy and factors which affect INR control.Methods/DesignRandomised controlled trial of an intensive educational intervention will consist of group sessions (between 2-8 patients) containing standardised information about the risks and benefits associated with OAC therapy, lifestyle interactions and the importance of monitoring and control of their International Normalised Ratio (INR). Information will be presented within an 'expert-patient' focussed DVD, revised educational booklet and patient worksheets. 200 warfarin-naïve patients who are eligible for warfarin will be randomised to either the intervention or usual care groups. All patients must have ECG-documented AF and be eligible for warfarin (according to the NICE AF guidelines). Exclusion criteria include: aged < 18 years old, contraindication(s) to warfarin, history of warfarin USE, valvular heart disease, cognitive impairment, are unable to speak/read English and disease likely to cause death within 12 months. Primary endpoint is time spent in TTR. Secondary endpoints include measures of quality of life (AF-QoL-18), anxiety and depression (HADS), knowledge of AF and anticoagulation, beliefs about medication (BMQ) and illness representations (IPQ-R). Clinical outcomes, including bleeding, stroke and interruption to anticoagulation will be recorded. All outcome measures will be assessed at baseline and 1, 2, 6 and 12 months post-intervention.DiscussionMore data is needed on the clinical benefit of educational intervention with AF patients receiving warfarin.Trial registrationISRCTN93952605
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