Exercise therapy on skeletal muscle of muscular dystrophies has no defined parameters. The effect of low-intensity treadmill training on the oxidative stress markers and fibrosis on hindlimb muscles was investigated. Sixteen dystrophic male mdx animals were separated in trained ( mdx T/n=8) and untrained ( mdx NT/n=8) groups. Wild type animals (WT/n=8) were used as healthy control. The mdx T group runned at a horizontal treadmill (9 m/min, 30 min/day, 3 times/wk, 8 weeks). Gastrocnemius and tibial anterior muscles were collected for analysis of enzymatic/non-enzymatic oxidant activity, oxidative damage concentration, collagen fibers area morphometry. The mdx T group presented a lower collagen fiber area compared to mdx NT for gastrocnemius ( P =0.025) and tibial anterior ( P =0.000). Oxidative damage activity was higher in the mdx T group for both muscles compared to mdx NT. Catalase presented similar activity for tibial anterior ( P =0.527) or gastrocnemius ( P =0.323). Superoxide dismutase ( P =0.003) and total antioxidant capacity ( P =0.024) showed increased activity in the mdx T group at tibial anterior with no difference for gastrocnemius. Low-intensity training is considered therapeutic as it reduces collagen deposition while improving tissue redox status.
Recommendations of therapeutic exercise in Duchenne muscular dystrophy are still controversial. The hypothesis that a low-intensity training (LIT) protocol leads to muscle adaptations on mdx mice model was tested. Dystrophic male mice with 8 weeks old were separated in exercised (mdxE, n= 8) and sedentary (mdxC, n= 8) groups. Wild-type mice were used as control (WT, n= 8) group. Exercised group underwent a LIT protocol (9 m/min, 30 min, 3 days/wk, 60 days) on a horizontal treadmill. At day 60 all animals were analyzed regarding parameters of markers of muscle lesion and extracellular matrix turnover of muscle tissue by collagens fibers on tibial anterior muscle. Histomorphometry attested that centrally located nuclei fibers and the coefficient of variance of minimal Feret’s diameter was similar in mdxE and mdxC groups (P= 1.000) and both groups presented higher mean values than WT group (P< 0.001). Fraction area of collagen fibers of mdxE group was lower than mdxC group (P= 0,027) and similar to WT group (P= 0,751). Intramuscular area of Col3 of the mdxE group was higher than mdxC and WT groups (P<0.001). Intramuscular area of Col1 on the mdxE group was similar to the mdxC group (P= 1.000) and both groups were higher than WT group (P< 0.001). LIT protocol had not influenced muscle injuries resulting from the dystrophin-deficiency membrane fragility. Although, LIT had provoked adaptations on extracellular matrix bringing higher elastic feature to dystrophic muscle tissue.
Effects of photobiomodulation therapy on functional recovery, angiogenesis and redox status in denervated muscle of rats Efeitos da terapia de fotobiomodulação na recuperação funcional, na angiogênese e no estado redox em músculo desnervado de ratos
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