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This study evaluated the effects of light-emitting diode (LED) on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). An electronic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science database for articles published from 1980 to February 2020. Ten articles met the search criteria and were included in this review. The risk of bias was evaluated to report quality, safety, and environmental standards. MSCs were derived from adipose tissue, bone marrow, dental pulp, gingiva, and umbilical cord. Protocols for cellular irradiation used red and blue light spectrum with variations of the parameters. The LED has been shown to induce greater cellular viability, proliferation, differentiation, and secretion of growth factors. The set of information available leads to proposing a complex signaling cascade for the action of photobiomodulation, including angiogenic factors, singlet oxygen, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, Janus kinase/signal transducer, and reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, although our results suggest that LED can boost MSCs, a nonuniformity in the experimental protocol, bias, and the limited number of studies reduces the power of systematic review. Further research is essential to find the optimal LED irradiation parameters to boost MSCs function and evaluate its impact in the clinical setting.

Aim: To evaluate whether Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) inoculation could induce cardiac remodelling in rats. Materials and Methods:The study was conducted on 33 Wistar rats, which were distributed in the following experimental groups: not inoculated; inoculated with 1 Â 10 8 CFU/ml of bacteria; inoculated with 3 Â 10 8 CFU/ml of bacteria. The animals were inoculated at baseline and on the 15th day of follow-up. Blood collection was performed at baseline and 60 min after each inoculation. At 29 days, the animals were subjected to echocardiography and at 30 days to haemodynamic studies before sacrificing them.Results: Impact of the bacteria was more evident in rats that received higher P. gingivalis concentration. Thus, 3 Â 10 8 CFU/ml of bacteria increased the rectal temperature and water content in the lung as well as myocardial necrosis and fibrosis. P. gingivalis induced the intensification of DNA fragmentation and increased the levels of malondialdehyde, oxidized proteins, and macrophage expression in the myocardium. These findings were associated with lower LV isovolumetric relaxation time, +dP/dt, -dP/dt, and higher end-diastolic pressure.Conclusions: P. gingivalis bacteraemia is significantly associated with adverse cardiac remodelling and may play a biological role in the genesis of heart failure.

Aim The purpose of this study was to analyze the cervicoocclusal dimensions of brackets used in lingual orthodontics for maxillary and mandibular central and lateral incisors, to compare them with the numbers informed by the manufacturer. Materials and methods The brackets were placed in a template and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), evaluating the images with the aid of a software that allowed determination of reference points, tracing of lines on the bracket images and measurement of the distances. Results Brackets manufactured by Dm Ceosa Hiro, Tecnident PSWb and Dentaurum Magic did not present statistically significant differences between the mean values of slot heights and the values informed by manufacturers. Conversely, the brands Ormco 7th generation, Ormco STb, GAC Innovation L, ORJORG, Tecnident, Ormco STb LSW and Adenta evolution STL exhibited statistically significant differences. Conclusion In general, there was a deficiency in the standardization of cervico-occlusal measurements of slots of the brackets analyzed. Clinical significance Manufacturers should be attentive to the quality control of their materials. Future studies will analyze the actual clinical influence of these findings on the orthodontic mechanics. How to cite this article Cotrim-Ferreira A, Cotrim-Ferreira F, Vellini-Ferreira F, Peron DF, Carvalho C, Torres FC. Evaluation of Cervico-occlusal Dimensions of Maxillary and Mandibular Incisor Brackets for Lingual Orthodontics. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(3):306-311.