Greenbaum R. T. and Bondonio D. (2004) Losing focus: a comparative evaluation of spatially targeted economic revitalization programmes in the US and the EU, Reg. Studies38, 319-334. Do large-scale regional economic revitalization programmes maintain their focus on distressed areas over time? While ignored by much of the impact evaluation literature, the question is vital to address as increased public resources are being devoted to local and regional revitalization efforts. Economic rational and previous empirical findings argue in favour of keeping geographically targeted programmes focused exclusively on distressed areas. The issue is examined by estimating probit econometric models to comparatively evaluate the characteristics of the target areas designated in three rounds of US federal Empowerment Zone and EU Objective 2 programmes. The paper finds that although the programmes were fashioned in different ways, subsequent rounds of designation on both continents greatly expanded the programmes to cover areas with less distress. Greenbaum R. T. et Bondonio D. (2004) Ne pas etre au point: une evaluation comparative des programmes de reamenagement economique cibles aux E-U et dans l'Ue, Reg. Studies38, 319-334. Les programmes regionaux de reamenagement economique a grande echelle, est-ce qu'ils reussissent avec le temps a etre centres sur les zones defavorisees? Bien que la documentation sur l'evaluation des impacts n'en tienne pas compte dans une large mesure, il est important d'aborder cette question parce que les depenses publiques affectees aux actions visant le reamenagement local et regional augmentent. La logique economique et les resultats empiriques anterieurs plaident en faveur des regions defavorisees en tant que le point central des programmes a priorite spatiale. On examine la question a partir des estimations des modeles econometriques du type probit afin d'evaluer d'une maniere comparative les caracteristiques des zones ciblees pour ce qui est de trois phases des programmes aux E-U (Empowerment Zones) et dans l'Ue (Objective 2). L'article conclut que, dans les deux continents, les phases ulterieures d'engagement ont elargi leur portee pour embrasser des zones moins defavorisees, bien que les programmes aient ete concus de facon differente. Greenbaum R. T. und Bondonio D. (2004) Verlust der Konzentration: Eine vergleichende Bewertung raumlich ausgewahlter Programme zur wirtschaftlichen Wiederbelebung in den USA und in der EU, Reg. Studies38, 319-334. Konnen gross angelegte regionalwirtschaftliche Wiederbelebungsprogramme sich uber langere Zeit hinweg auf Notstandsgebiete konzentrieren? Obschon von einem Grossteil der Literatur zur Bewertung von Auswirkungen unbeachtet, ist es unbedingt notwendig, sich mit der Frage zu befassen, da offentliche Mittel zunehmend fur Wiederbelebungsversuche am Orte und in ganzen Regionen verwendet werden. Sowohl wirtschaftliche Grunde als auch fruhere empirische Befunde sprechen dafur, geographisch ausgewahlte Programme weiterhin ausschliesslich auf Notstandsgebiete zu ...
Although enterprise support policies continue to be favored by policymakers in the European Union (EU) as tools for regional revitalization, there is as yet insufficient empirical evidence examining the effects of the policies on socially relevant outcomes. This paper helps fill that gap by utilizing firm-level data to offer robust counterfactual impact evaluation evidence on the employment effects of the coexisting European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) co-sponsored, national and regional programs commonly operated in many EU regions. By using data from a large northern Italian region, the analysis yields employment impact estimates of the policies under plausible identification assumptions. The paper finds no significant difference between the employment impacts of ERDF co-funded and national/regional programs, whereas, regardless of the funding body, the absolute per-firm employment effects of the programs are increasingly larger the higher the economic value of the incentives. However, the most generous incentives come with a much higher cost per each additional new job. The analysis also shows that the absolute per-firm employment effects of soft loans are similar to those of capital grants, but, because soft loans cost much less, they are more effective from a policy perspective.
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