Employability of graduating students is a main precondition for successful university to work transition. Discrepancies on the labour market in terms of demand and supply of highly qualified specialists, increasing requirements and expectations of recently university graduates towards their future jobs, high speed of technological changes resulting in new jobs for which educations is lagging behind and increasing demand for well-developed transferable skills are some of the main challenges which universities are facing nowadays. Thus, their main priorities shall stress on collaboration that is more effective with industrial companies, resulting in contemporary curricula and development and implementation of new forms of cooperation for encouragement of graduating students’ employability. There are some good practices in Bulgaria for common initiatives leading to better professional orientation and further job placing but there is a lack of overall strategic approach in this field. Therefore, there is a necessity of identification and introduction of new forms of cooperation, which will boost partnership and could provide the labour market with more adequate specialists, matching employers’ recent requirements. The purpose of the paper is to provide a methodology of evaluation of problems in university-industry cooperation for encouragement of graduating students’ employability.The main elements of research of cooperation between universities and industry in Bulgaria include (1) description of possible forms of cooperation, (2) evaluation of industry attitudes for cooperation based on 4 criteria - importance, application, interest for participation and awareness of the forms, (3) comparison of opinions of industry and universities in Bulgaria.
The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of the breed on some of the carcass characteristics and the technological properties of Musculus Longissimus Lumborum in lambs from the Bulgarian Dairy Synthetic Population and its F crosses with Ile de France and Mutton Charollais breeds. The 1 scientific study took place at the Agricultural Institute of Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. Object of the study were lambs from the Bulgarian Dairy Synthetic Population and its crosses with Ile de France and Mutton Charollais breeds. The internal organs weight of the animals from the three groups was measured after their slaughter. In order to determine the meat/bones ratio, the left carcass halves were deboned. The eye muscle area and analyzed samples of Musculus Longissimus Lumborum was determined. The results show a slight variation in the weight of the internal organs of the animals from the three groups. The 2 2 Mutton Charollais crosses come first in terms of eye muscle area (11.34 cm), followed by the Ile de France crosses (11.21 cm), and the lambs from the 2 reference group come last with only 8.64 cm (P ≤ 0.001). With regard to the meat/bones ratio, it was found out that in the Ile de France crosses it is the highest (2.90:1), followed by the Mutton Charollais crosses (2.68:1), and the lambs from the reference group (2.43:1) where it is the lowest (P >0.05). Ile de France crosses exhibited statistically significantly higher meat tenderness (P ≤ 0.001) and water-holding capacity (WHC) (P ≤ 0.01), while Mutton Charollais crosses-considerably higher cooking losses (P ≤ 0.001) than control animals.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possibility for modelling milk coagulation kinetics using enzymes with different concentrations. Buffalo milk coagulation properties were evaluated in 420 milk samples. Five enzymes were tested/MAXIREN 600, FROMASE 750, MAHIREN XDS, MAXIREN 180 and MAXIREN PREM P/, each with 4 concentrations along with one control group with standard chymosin recommended from the manufacturer. The analyses were performed by means of a biosensormechanical lactodynamograph (Polo Trade-Computerized Renneting Meter). The statistical analysis was done by Principal Component Analysis/РСА. Curd firmness of buffalo milk could be predicted with very high reliability through the other tested milk coagulation parameters. This allows for increasing the accuracy of measuring a 30 regardless of rennet coagulation time and curd firming time values. The established values in our opinion support the thesis about the specific effect of enzymes on buffalo milk despite their concentration. The enzyme MAXIREN PREMP that satisfied at the highest extent our preliminary expectations for curd firmness exhibited the lowest negative values with respect to factor 1 and high positive ones with respect to factor 2. This enzyme also showed the shortest rennet coagulation time, the earliest curd firming time and high curd firmness.
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of suckling period on milk production of sheep from Bulgarian Dairy Synthetic Population (BDSP) grown in the Еxperimental base of the Agricultural Institute in Shumen. Total 5023 record are analyzed for milk yield for monthly control days of 601 ewes (born 2007th -2012th years) produced from 1 to 6 lactations. To achieve unbiased evaluation was used animal model for test day. The statistical analysis included the following factors: month of the controls, consecutive lactation, age in days to the date of the control day, days suckling period and the number of lambs for the relevant lactation of the animal. The results show that the duration of the suckling period influences the milk productivity of sheep from BDSP. In ewes with suckling period of lambs exceeding 30 days, production of milk progressively decreases from 0.911 liters to 0.554 liters (-0.357) at suckling period of 80 -90 days. Improving the management of the flock towards reducing the suckling period can lead to a significant increase in milk production.
Abstract. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of liquid organic mineral complex (MultiMix®) on the milk yield, composition and cheesemaking capacity of milk in dairy cows. Thirty Holstein cows (8 primiparous and 22 multiparous) were used in a randomized complete block design experiment with 15 cows per treatment. Feeding was ad libitum targeting 5% refusals. Milk yield data and samples for fat, true protein, solids not fat (SNF), lactose content and parameters characterizing the milk’s coagulation properties were collected throughout the experiment. Data suggested that MultiMix® administered through the cows’ drinking water had a positive effect on the milk productivity with a high degree of significance (p<0.001). A positive effect on the indicators characterizing the quality composition of milk has also been observed (p<0.001). Additionally, the cheesemaking capacity of milk was enhanced by supplementing animal water with MultiMix® (p<0.001). Overall, the new liquid organic mineral complex used in the present experiment showed promising results for improvement of milk production and composition in dairy cows but further studies are needed to unveil the physiologic mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects.
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