Introduction: Tumors of the central nervous system are considered rare, belonging to the types of tumors that cause functional deficits and whose symptoms are often overlooked. Dysphagia is the most frequent manifestation in these patients, resulting in malnutrition, dehydration, pulmonary complications and even a cause of death, causing great impact on public health. Objective: to identify early the risk of dysphagia in patients in the postoperative period of neurosurgery. Design and setting: prospective and descriptive study carried out in the neurosurgery service with individuals in the postoperative period of neoplasms of the Central Nervous System of the General Hospital and Maternity of Cuiabá. Method: Twenty patients participated in the research, aged 18 years or over and of both sexes. The Phonoaudiological Protocol for Risk Assessment for Dysphagia was used for data collection, by means of the swallowing test of water, soft foods, classification, degree of dysphagia and conduct. This study was submitted to and approved by the Research Ethics Committee under number 4,196,826. Results: The participants in this study are on average 56 years old, 60% male, 55% from the interior of Mato Grosso and in relation to the proposed treatment, 100% of the participants were referred for neurosurgery. Conclusion: The study contributed to the characterization of patients, of which 70% had the International Classification of Diseases D430 and 80% maintained normal swallowing in the postoperative period, with important findings regarding the functionality of swallowing and food safety of the sample.
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