Despite the large application of the machine embroidery in textile and apparel design and high-tech clothing items, there
is а lack of systematic arrangement of the digital stitch lines, used by embroidery machines and embroidery designers.
Since 2010 information on embroidery stitch lines could be mostly found in the web sites of the embroidery machine
manufacturers and software product manuals. However, in the instruction manuals the instruments for creating various
embroidery objects are simply described without providing systematic information on the types of the stitch lines. Even
more, different names of the stitch lines and different ways to achieve the same design are observed. Single authors offer
their own classifications based entirely and logically on the stitches of the hand embroidery. Another group of authors
relied on already developed techniques and strategies for digitizing stitches in various software products or took into
account the final appearance of the stitch lines or their application. Our study aimed to develop a detailed and systematic
classification of the digital stitch lines in the machine embroidery, which has not been presented in the literature.
The key factor for high quality embroidery is the precision with which the individual stitches are realized in the plane of frame XY. For this purpose, the dispersion in the size of each step on X and Y axes are measured, depending on the step length and the machine speed. The studies were carried out in the entire stroke of the two axes. To evaluate only the positioning error of each individual step the measurements without removing the embroidery fabric from the frame are made in order to eliminate deformations caused by fabric relaxations. The results obtained are particularly relevant for evaluating the ability to produce elements as small as possible.
An e-textile mat with capacitive textile sensors was designed and manufactured to monitor body position and prevent decubitus ulcers in the case of bedridden people. The sensors were incorporated through a process of machine embroidery with electrically conductive threads. A new production method for the conductive threads is still expected to be developed, resulting in good conductive properties, high wear resistance and durability. Samples of five variants of motifs without cross-stitching were studied, and the capacity and electrical resistance were determined experimentally. A prototype of the e-textile mat was made with a motif showing the best ratio between the inserted thread and the measured capacity. A hardware solution and a software application for collecting, processing and visualising the received information were developed. Tests were performed in real conditions, which clearly showed that the designed e-textile mat could be successfully applied for non-invasive and continuous control of the position of the human body in a supine position to prevent decubitus ulcers.
Woven textiles’ design is part of sustainable design, and new ways are being sought to minimise energy, including human power and efforts, in order to efficiently develop new weave patterns and apply them directly in the weaving mill. The design of woven textiles is frequently associated with the used weave pattern and the effects of colours and textures, which are a balanced mixture of materials (yarns), weaves and colour combinations. A weave pattern design method based on text inspiration is presented in our paper. It corresponds to the definition of sustainability as its concept increases the design capabilities that will last in the future. At the same time, the method adds to the existing techniques for the design of new weaves, ensuring the field’s long-term development.
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