The purpose of the current study was to assess whether individuals with intellectual disabilities would emit untrained speaker responses (i.e., signed tacts and mands) after being taught listener behaviors. Listener relations were trained via an automated matching-to-sample (MTS) procedure. Following mastery, the emergence of signed tacts, generalized tacts, and mands was tested. All participants met criterion in listener relations training and showed the emergence of almost all relations. Results suggest that teaching listener relations first, through MTS tasks, is a viable way to produce emergence of speaker relations.
Compreender e narrar histórias são comportamentos social e academicamente relevantes, porém as comunidades verbais responsáveis pela instalação desses comportamentos não têm enfatizado o ensino de sua estrutura. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de um procedimento de ensino de categorias estruturais de histórias sobre a discriminação de seus elementos definidores em novas histórias. Participaram oito crianças, duas meninas e seis meninos, com idades entre seis e oito anos. Foi empregado um delineamento de linha de base múltipla entre categorias, o que requereu a avaliação de todas as categorias antes do início da fase de ensino e após o ensino de cada categoria. O ensino foi dividido em duas fases: Definição de categoria e Identificação de categoria. O procedimento mostrou-se eficiente para o ensino de categorias estruturais de histórias e para favorecer a discriminação dos elementos definidores das categorias em novas histórias.
The purpose of the current study was to assess whether the establishment of listener relations with compound stimuli as samples and comparisons would lead to the emergence of: (1) speaker behavior in the form of tacts of the compound stimuli; (2) listener and tact responses for untaught compounds; and (3) listener and tact responses for the isolated properties of compounds. Participants were four boys diagnosed with autism and one diagnosed with intellectual disability. We taught participants to select among three compound comparisons consisting of combinations of shapes and patterns in the presence of the corresponding dictated word. Subsequently, we tested for the emergence of tacts for the trained compounds, as well as tact and listener relations for six untaught compounds and their properties. In general, results showed that the acquisition of listener relations led to the emergence of the corresponding tacts, as well as the emergence of listener and tact responses for untaught combinations for three out of five participants. By contrast, the other two participants showed responding characteristic of restricted stimulus control. These results suggest that the establishment of bidirectional relations between listener and speaker behaviors may facilitate the emergence of control by properties of compound stimuli.
Telling and retelling stories and facts are behavioral repertoires that are constantly recruited in social situations, no matter if these situations occur at school, with the family, or at leisure times. This study aimed at systematically evaluating if 11 fi rst graders (age range six to seven), would perform better in retelling tasks when pictorial prompts were presented. Dependent variables were (a) number of story categories inserted in the retelling tasks and (b) number of retold words per story. The independent variable was the presentation of visual prompts during story retelling tasks. Results indicated that visual prompts did not result in consistent increase in performance when the number of story categories inserted was analyzed. Additionally, there was no consistent increase in the number of words retold when pictures were presented. Future studies should investigate whether repeated exposure to stories would result in a signifi cant change in performance. Keywords: Story retelling, children, pictures, visual prompts.
ResumoContar e recontar histórias e fatos são repertórios comportamentais constantemente necessários em situações sociais, sejam estas escolares, familiares, ou de lazer. Este estudo buscou avaliar sistematicamente se 11 alunos de primeira série (idades entre seis e sete anos) teriam melhor desempenho em tarefas de recontagem de histórias quando dicas visuais eram apresentadas. As variáveis dependentes foram (a) número de categorias de história inseridas nas tarefas de recontagem e (b) número de palavras recontadas por história. A variável independente foi a apresentação de dicas visuais (fi guras) nas tarefas de recontagem. Os resultados indicaram que dicas visuais não resultaram em melhora de desempenho quando o número de categorias de história foi analisado. Também foi verifi cado que não houve aumento consistente no número de palavras recontadas quando as fi guras foram apresentadas. Estudos futuros devem investigar se a reexposição a histórias resultaria em uma mudança signifi cativa no desempenho. Palavras-chave: Recontagem de história, crianças, fi guras, dicas visuais.
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