Introduction: The irresponsible use of personal music players has been identified as an emerging health risk behavior related to the noise induced hearing loss they would produce. Listening habits and risk factors involved have not been assessed in our country. Aim: To assess personal music player usage habits in a Chilean sample, estimating noise-induced hearing loss and to identify risk factors. Material and method: A questionnaire was applied to patients attending ENT consult, university students and social networks contacts through on-line version. Listening habits were explored. Based on data from previous studies, we estimated the sound pressure level and the noise-dose to which each user would be exposed according to their specific listening preferences. Results: Of 508 respondents, 12% exceeded the maximum noise exposure allowable by Chilean law. The factors that stronger correlated with risk levels were the intensity chosen by the user by (r =0.76), followed by cumulative weekly listening time (r =0.51) and in a weaker relation, by type of headset used (r =0.31) nevertheless none of supra-auricular hearing devices reached risk levels. Discussion: It's estimated that in the next decade, music and recreational exposure will become the leading noise induced hearing loss source. One of each eight users exceeds maximum recommended levels. Risk factors analysis indicated that intervention strategies must focus on responsible listening by the user, lowering chosen-intensity, rather than selecting a specific type of player or earphone.
Introducción: La rinoplastía es una de las cirugías estéticas más desafiantes. Dentro de las alternativas quirúrgicas destaca el uso de diversos injertos e implantes los cuales debiesen ser conocidos por todos los cirujanos que realizan esta cirugía.Objetivo: Describir la experiencia del Departamento de Otorrinolaringología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile en el uso de injertos en rinoplastías.Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo donde se revisaron protocolos operatorios de todos los pacientes operados en dicho comité entre marzo 2008 y agosto 2009.Resultados: Se realizaron 98 rinoseptoplastías por rinoseptodesviación en el período, siendo el 84% por abordaje abierto. El injerto más utilizado fue el vástago de columela en el 84% de todas las rinoplastías, seguido por el escudo anterior a la punta nasal (28%) y el espaciador entre laterales superiores y tabique (18%). Injertos alares, de dorso, de tabique y otros de refinamiento de punta fueron utilizados en menos del 5% de los casos. En todos los casos se utilizó injertos autólogos (tabique nasal). La gran mayoría de los injertos fue utilizada por abordaje abierto. Al momento de la revisión no hubo complicaciones que se puedan atribuir específicamente al uso de injertos.Discusión: Nuestra experiencia sigue la tendencia de "resecar menos" y rellenar. El uso de injertos resulta valioso dentro del repertorio quirúrgico en rinoplastía.Palabras clave: Rinoplastía, rinoseptoplastía, injertos. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Rhinoplasty is one of the most challenging cosmetic surgeries. Among surgical alternatives the vast variety of graft and implants are of great value, and every surgeon should have a thorough knowledge of the most commonly used.Aim: To describe the experience in the use of grafts in rhinoplasty by the
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