RESUMOApresentamos um estudo de caso em que o foco das preocupações de manejo em uma área protegida se deslocou de uma evidente condenação pública a uma espécie silvestre, a capivara, para a construção de uma proposta coletiva de manejo da paisagem e de comunicação visando à redução da exposição das pessoas a carrapatos de modo a diminuir o risco de doenças a eles associadas. O caso aconteceu na região da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, com forte apelo turístico, onde a abordagem de questões relativas a doenças transmissíveis é dificultada pelo trauma da quebra da economia local, baseada no turismo, em função da divulgação equivocada, há mais de 10 anos, de um caso de esquistossomose pela imprensa, com ampla repercussão. Investigou-se a presença de agentes causadores da Febre Maculosa Brasileira (FMB) por meio de exames sorológicos em cavalos, cães e capivaras e teste de hemolinfa seguido de exame de PCR dos carrapatos casos positivos. As formas de Rickettsia encontradas não pertencem ao grupo das relacionadas à FMB, mas esta informação não reduz a preocupação com a vigilância sanitária e cuidados com exposição a carrapatos. Palavras-chave: Febre maculosa brasileira; gerenciamento de risco; manejo da paisagem; uso público; unidades de conservação. ABSTRACT FROM CAPYBARAS AND TICKS TO MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS AND COMMUNICATION TOOLS AT SERRA DO CIPÓ NATIONAL PARK AIMING AT REDUCING HEALTH RISKS.We report a study first designed to deal with a collective condemnation of the capybaras, in a protected area. The emphasis shifted from the capybaras to the high risks associated to exposure to ticks, a diversified group of complex ecological relations, both with hosts and pathogens. A management program associating communication tools and varied strategies to reduce exposition to ticks was collectively proposed considering local perception about the capybaras and their ecological relations, the risk of occurrence of spotted fever, the spatial distribution of ticks, and resistance of local community to explicitly deal with transmissible health problems, due to high social magnificence and economic losses after a wrong report about Schistosomiasis in the region in a previous year. RESUMEN DE CAPIVARAS Y GARRAPATAS, A UNA PROPUESTA DE COMUNICACIÓN Y MANEJO EN EL PARQUE NACIONAL DA SERRA DO CIPÓ PARA LA REDUCCIÓN DE RIESGOS PARA LA SALUD.Traemos un caso de investigación enfocada en el manejo de un área protegida en lo cual el centro de las atenciones ha cambiado desde la preocupación con la condena colectiva de una especie silvestre, la capibara, hacia la proposición de una estrategia de manejo del paisaje y de comunicación dirigidas a la reducción del riesgo de contacto con garrapatas, considerando las enfermedades y la incomodidad asociadas a este vector. El caso se pasó en la región de Serra do Cipó, donde la economía está fuertemente basada en el turismo, y la consideración de temas relativos a enfermedades transmisibles es dificultado por lo trauma con la divulgación de noticias incorrectas acerca de un caso de esquistosomiasis ...
We investigated the geographic distribution and population size and structure of Vellozia gigantea (Velloziaceae) to assess its risk of extinction according to the IUCN criteria and categories, and to propose effective conservation actions for the species. V. gigantea is endemic to campos rupestres of Serra do Cipó (Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil), a highly endemic species rich grassland vegetation associated to nutrient-poor, well drained, sandy soils. Locally very abundant, V. gigantea is phorophyte for many epiphytes, and its conservation contributes to the maintenance of a diverse array of species. Historically known from a single small patch (1 ha), our mapping efforts increased its known occurrence to a total of 44 patches (2,946 ha). Amidst, 21.4% of this area is within Serra do Cipó National Park (IUCN category II), 56.5% within a surrounding IUCN category V protected area, and 22.1% remain unprotected. We determined the area of occurrence (AOO, 196 km 2), the extent of occurrence (EOO, 443 km 2), and generation time (higher than 100 years) to define the species risk of extinction. Population size and structure were estimated using ten 5 ×50m transects, which were placed in five patches well apart from each other (two transects in each). Plant and epiphyte abundance were estimated and signs of fire were verified, since it was considered the main incident threat. Based on IUCN criteria B1 and B2 (geographic range, EOO and/or AOO) and subcriteria a and b (number of locations and inferred/projected continuing decline in area of occupancy, area, extent and/or quality of habitat), V. gigantea should be classified as a threatened species under the IUCN Vulnerable category (EEO: 442.86 km 2 ; AOO: 196.00 km 2 and seven locations-VU B1ab(iii) + 2ab(iii)). This status differs from the present official one-Endangered (EN). The whole population was estimated in 6 million plants with a proportion of ca. 75% of mature individuals, well above any threshold of concern. Nevertheless, a large portion of the population is outside any protected area and epiphytes are strongly pressured by gatherers. Fire management should be improved in order to avoid late season severe burnings that kill even old plants, and we reinforce the importance of increasing Serra do Cipó National Park limits towards eastern slopes, where V. gigantea prevail.
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