The degradation characteristics of hydroxyapatite-zirconia-silver films (HA-ZrO2-Ag) coatings on three ZrTi alloys were investigated in Ringer's solution containing 10% human albumin protein at 37 °C. Samples were immersed for 7 days while monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear potentiodynamic polarization (LPP). The electrochemical analysis in combination with surface analytical characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX) reveals the stability and corrosion resistance of the HA-ZrO2-Ag coated ZrTi alloys. The characteristic feature that describes the electrochemical behaviour of the coated alloys is the coexistence of large areas of the coating presenting pores in which the ZrTi alloy substrate is exposed to the simulated physiological environment. The EIS interpretation of results was thus performed using a two-layer model of the surface film. The blocking effect in the presence the human albumin protein produces an enhancement of the corrosion resistance. The results disclose that the Zr45Ti alloy is a promising material for biomedical devices, since electrochemical stability is directly associated to biocompatibility.
Textile industry is one of the most pollutant and water consuming industries. Large quantities of water are required in materials preparation and dyeing, so consumption and waste generation have become serious concerns for textile manufacturers and finishers. Textile effluents are characterized by high values of quality indicators such as BOD and COD, suspended solids and heavy metals. A serious environmental problem and also an aesthetic problem is the color of the effluent. Reactive dyes are usually preferred in cotton dyeing because of their properties such as a good fixation on cellulose fibers due to the strong chemical bond created between the dye molecules and the fiber. However, effluents coming from dyeing baths have a dye concentration around 10 mg/L. The aim of this study is to remove efficiently reactive dyes from a synthetic textile effluent by a combination of two advanced processes: ultrasonication, followed by ultrafiltration, both treatments being applied at laboratory scale. The dyes used in these experiments are Reactive Orange 16 and Reactive Blue 19. The first step is to destroy dye molecules by ultrasonication. The second step is to retain the remaining dye molecules and suspended solids and colloids formed in the previous process, using a suitable ultrafiltration membrane. Membrane selection is a very important stage, because the suspended solids and colloids may interfere with the spectrophotometrical method used to determine dye concentration, if the membrane is not capable to retain them. Solids produced after ultrasonication, were dried and analysed using SEM and AFM techniques. These two combined processes ensure colour reduction or removal efficiency of over 85%. Ultrasonication, followed by ultrafiltration may be used as an efficient advanced treatment for textile wastewater, which can also allow the recycling of the effluent.
Ultrasound irradiation is an effective means of obtaining nanoparticles. Hydroxyapatite-zirconia (HA-ZrO 2 ) synthesized by ultrasound irradiation was coated on Ti6Al7Nb implant alloy by electrophoretic deposition. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to evaluate the morphology and composition of HA-ZrO 2 coatings. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization curves were used to characterize the corrosion performance of HA-ZrO 2 coated sample in simulated body fluid (pH 3.9) at 37 8C. The EIS interpretation was performed in two-layer model of the coated sample. It was found that the nanoparticles of HA-ZrO 2 coated on Ti6Al7Nb alloy showed a good corrosion resistance after a short-time immersion in simulated body fluid (pH 3.9).
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