The anomaly cancellation equations for the U (1) gauge group can be written as a cubic equation in n − 1 integer variables, where n is the number of Weyl fermions carrying the U (1) charge. We solve this Diophantine cubic equation by providing a parametrization of the charges in terms of n − 2 integers, and prove that this is the most general solution.
Background: Chronic heart failure (HF) is a syndrome characterized by reduced cardiac output in relation to the metabolic needs of the organism, as well as metabolic and neurohormonal axis abnormalities. Symptoms such as fatigue and dyspnoea are notorious and stress tests are widely used to assess functional capacity, prognosis and effectiveness of therapeutic interventions in this syndrome.
BackgroundCharacterized as a sudden and temporary loss of consciousness and postural tone,
with quick and spontaneous recovery, syncope is caused by an acute reduction of
systemic arterial pressure and, therefore, of cerebral blood flow. Unsatisfactory
results with the use of drugs allowed the nonpharmacological treatment of
neurocardiogenic syncope was contemplated as the first therapeutic option. ObjectivesTo compare, in patients with neurocardiogenic syncope, the impact of a moderate
intensity aerobic physical training (AFT) and a control intervention on the
positivity of head-up tilting test (HUT) and orthostatic tolerance time. MethodsWere studied 21 patients with a history of recurrent neurocardiogenic syncope and
HUT. The patients were randomized into: trained group (TG), n = 11, and control
group (CG), n = 10. The TG was submitted to 12 weeks of AFT supervised, in cycle
ergometer, and the CG to a control procedure that consisted in 15 minutes of
stretching and 15 minutes of light walk. ResultsThe TG had a positive effect to physical training, with a significant increase in
peak oxygen consumption. The CG did not show any statistically significant change
before and after the intervention. After the intervention period, 72.7% of the TG
sample had negative results to the HUT, not having syncope in the revaluation.
ConclusionThe program of supervised aerobic physical training for 12 weeks was able to
reduce the number of positive HUT, as it was able to increase tolerance time in
orthostatic position during the HUT after the intervention period.
This study aimed to analyze the agreement between measurements of unloaded oxygen uptake and peak oxygen uptake based on equations proposed by Wasserman and on real measurements directly obtained with the ergospirometry system. We performed an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), which was applied to two groups of sedentary male subjects: one apparently healthy group (HG, n=12) and the other had stable coronary artery disease (n=16). The mean age in the HG was 47±4 years and that in the coronary artery disease group (CG) was 57±8 years. Both groups performed CPET on a cycle ergometer with a ramp-type protocol at an intensity that was calculated according to the Wasserman equation. In the HG, there was no significant difference between measurements predicted by the formula and real measurements obtained in CPET in the unloaded condition. However, at peak effort, a significant difference was observed between oxygen uptake ðV : O 2 Þ peak ðpredictedÞ and V : O 2peak ðrealÞ (nonparametric Wilcoxon test). In the CG, there was a significant difference of 116.26 mL/min between the predicted values by the formula and the real values obtained in the unloaded condition. A significant difference in peak effort was found, where V : O 2peak ðrealÞ was 40% lower than V : O 2peak ðpredictedÞ (nonparametric Wilcoxon test). There was no agreement between the real and predicted measurements as analyzed by Lin's coefficient or the Bland and Altman model. The Wasserman formula does not appear to be appropriate for prediction of functional capacity of volunteers. Therefore, this formula cannot precisely predict the increase in power in incremental CPET on a cycle ergometer.
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