While the Maker Movement has grown over the past couple of decades, the normative understanding of what making is and who are recognized as makers has been largely defined by a limited perspective. This perspective threatens the very democratization that the Maker Movement has come to represent. To broaden the dominant narrative of making, this paper examines counter-stories in the form of interviews that describe how members of one Native American community understand the experience of making. The Navajo Nation is home to the Diné. While the Diné are world-renowned for their traditional crafts, these crafts are just one small part of how the members of this community understand making. The unique ways that the Diné describe making have the potential to help broaden normative understandings of it. This study is driven by the following research question: In what ways do the Navajo describe the experience of making? Specifically, this paper looks to challenge how one is defined as a maker, what steps are considered part of the making process, what things people produce that are considered artifacts of making, and what the goal of making should be.
A control algorithm for allocating control effort to a generic overactuated system is designed. In the case where redundant actuators in the system allow for an infinite number of possible solutions to a desired trajectory, the controller must decide which solution to take. A PD controller is implemented to solve for the desired force and moment of the trajectory. Once the forces and the moments are acquired, a cost function is utilized to help guide the choice of the actuator configuration. This control method is then validated through the simulation of an autonomous surface vehicle that is utilizing an azimuth thruster propulsion system.
Background: Recently there has been considerable interest in making as a means to promote interest in engineering careers. Leveraging making practices that already exist in communities could provide a way to address the severe underrepresentation of minority groups, such as Native Americans, in engineering.Before any programs or curricula can be developed to accomplish this goal, it must first be determined how these communities understand the experience of making. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the Navajo people's unique understanding of making. It was guided by the following research question: "In what ways do the Navajo describe the experience of making?" Design: Qualitative data were collected in the form of semi-structured interviews given to participants who identify as being Navajo. Interview transcripts were analyzed using phenomenography.Findings: Five hierarchical categories emerged from the data analysis: survival, communication, pride, self-actualization, and community. A sixth category, spirituality, also appeared as an overarching category. Conclusions: This study identified the ways in which the participants understand the experience of making. These findings may aid the development of making programs and curricula that are designed to promote engineering education on the Navajo Nation.
This paper focuses on the prediction of disturbance effects of the vertical acceleration of an aircraft flying in atmospheric turbulence. To this end, 5-hole probes with high-dynamic differential pressure sensors are installed in front of a fixed-wing unmanned aircraft system (UAS) and a manned experimental aircraft to measure the local airspeed and angle of attack of the airflow. Test flights are performed in light, moderate and severe turbulence to assess the anticipating character and the accuracy of the predicted acceleration. Thereby, depending on the flown airspeed, anticipation times up to 0.1 s are observed. For the UAS the prediction accuracy is assessed to be 71.19% for moderate turbulence and 71.05% for severe turbulence, where vertical acceleration disturbances higher than 30 m/s2 are measured. The first manned test flight revealed a prediction accuracy of 61.97%.
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