Understanding the behaviour of herbicides in the soil can contribute to adapting the correct dose for efficient weed control with less environmental impact. In this study, we sought to evaluate the factors involved in the sorption, desorption, half-life and leaching processes of sulfometuron-methyl in three soil classes: Cambissolo Háplico (CX) (Inceptisol), Latossolo Vermelho (LV) (Oxisol) and Neossolo Quartzarênico (RQ) (Entisol). The sorption and desorption tests were performed using the “batch equilibrium" method. The studies of degradation and formation of metabolites were estimated from the half-life at the end of 180 days. Leaching potential was estimated by testing PVC columns filled with soil. Analyses were performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer for herbicide quantification. The higher sorption of sulfometuron-methyl in LV (2.81) is related to the low pH (4.7) and mineralogical composition, mainly due to the higher concentration of Fe and Al oxides in this soil, influencing the lower desorption of the herbicide in LV (0.59). This result contributed to more remarkable herbicide persistence in this soil, reducing the molecules available in the solution for degradation. These results contributed to the longer half-life (19 days) in LV compared to the other soils. Among the studied soils, RQ had the highest risk of transport of sulfometuron-methyl based on the GUS Index (2.2) due to its greater desorption (0.34). The results showed that the studied processes are dependent on the physical, chemical and mineralogical attributes of the different classes of soils.
A disposição de forma inadequada dos resíduos de construção e demolição (RCD) resulta em impactos negativos ao meio ambiente e, em decorrência, à sociedade. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se elaborar uma proposta de distribuição espacial de pontos de entrega voluntária (PEV) para recebimento de RCD no município de Mossoró-RN, com um delineamento metodológico abrangente, aplicável a outros municípios. A metodologia consistiu no mapeamento de locais com disposição inadequada de RCD na zona urbana do município, comparação e aplicação de metodologias para indicar a quantidade de PEV necessários, assim como a indicação das áreas adequadas para instalação desses dispositivos. Por meio dos resultados, verificou-se que a implementação de PEV se mostra extremamente necessária diante do número expressivo de áreas de disposição inadequada de RCD identificadas nesta pesquisa, totalizando 897 pontos. Ao término desta análise, foi indicada a instalação de 13 pontos de entrega voluntária no município de Mossoró. Palavras-chave: Obras civis. Disposição inadequada de resíduos. Sistema de informação geográfica. Gerenciamento.
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