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The proportion of cropland cover in the catchments of Missouri reservoirs, a surrogate for non-point-source nutrient loss from agricultural watersheds, accounts for some 60%–70% of the cross-system variance in long-term averages of total phosphorus and total nitrogen (n = 126, ln transformation for nutrients and logit for cropland). The addition of dam height and an index of flushing rate improved r2 values to ~77% for both nutrients. Even among reservoir catchments with >80% grass and forest cover, cropland accounted for most of the variation in nutrients. Reservoir nutrients showed a strong negative relation to forest cover. Relations between grass cover and nutrients were positive but weak, and grass had no significant statistical effect once cropland was taken into account. Residual analysis suggests that urban reservoirs would have about twice the nutrient level of reservoirs in non-cropland basins (forest and grass). The increase in nutrients with the proportion of cropland and the decrease with forest cover have previously been documented in Missouri streams.

Role of land cover and hydrology in determining nutrients in mid-continent reservoirs: implications for nutrient criteria and management, Lake and Reservoir Management, 24:1, 1-9,

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