Rice is an important staple food in Asia. However, modernization and rapid development have reduced and threatened the practice, especially maintaining traditional hill rice cultivation, as in this case study by the Iban in Kuala Tatau located in the largest state in Malaysia, called Sarawak. It is important to understand the problems and challenges of this issue to ensure food security among the rural population in Sarawak, particularly the Iban. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss the issues and problems faced by rice farmers in Kuala Tatau, Sarawak. The respondents were Iban farmers in Kuala Tatau; named Sungai Semanok and Kuala Serupai, were selected as it is at a great distance from urban areas named Bintulu, and they still practices paddy cultivation. For the purpose of obtaining the data, qualitative research methods through in-depth interview techniques, group discussion and observation were utilized and the data were analyzed using content analysis. The results showed that the rice sector faced major problems such as the decrease of the number of farmers and a weak system in the distribution of subsidies. However, there were differences shown in results between the two villages as well, which were in term of inadequate agricultural land, and issues on drainage and irrigation system, depending on the distance of the village from urban area, transport facilities, and other issues as discussed in the following section.
Anxiety, anger, sadness, and other negative emotions are the harmful effect of bullying, especially in today's digital era. Many cases of bullying happen through social media, often associated with cyberbullying. Therefore, cyberbullying is increasingly common and requires control as early as possible. This study aims to identify the role of students’ emotion regulation and empathy in cyberbullying behavior. The participants are 64 university students who tend to commit cyberbullying, chosen with the cluster random sampling technique. Three measurement tools, cyberbullying scale, emotion regulation scale, and empathy scale, were used in this study. Data were then analyzed with multiple linear regression analysis. Our finding reveals that emotion regulation significantly predicts cyberbullying, but empathy is not predicting cyberbullying. Emotion regulation allows students to keep their composure, control their words and action according to prevailing customs and norms and avoid showing aggression to people. Emotion regulation can help students to break the chain of cyberbullying.
Upacara miring memainkan peranan yang penting dalam kehidupan komuniti Iban. Banyak kajian dan perbincangan mengenai upacara miring telah dilakukan, namun, upacara miring dalam konteks pemuliharaan bangunan bersejarah jarang diberi perhatian. Kebanyakan pengkaji memberikan tumpuan kepada upacara miring yang dilakukan semasa menyambut perayaan, aktiviti penanaman padi, pembinaan bangunan, infrastruktur serta aktiviti-aktiviti yang dirasakan memerlukan upacara miring dilakukan oleh komuniti pengamal. Oleh itu, objektif kertas kerja ini bertujuan membincangkan fungsi upacara miring dalam proses pemuliharaan kubu di Wilayah Tengah Sarawak, iaitu Kubu Emma di Daerah Kanowit dan Kubu Brooke di Daerah Julau. Upacara miring dilakukan sebelum kerja-kerja pemuliharaan di kawasan tersebut bermula. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kajian kualitatif menggunakan teknik pemerhatian turut serta dan temubual mendalam. Informan merupakan individu berpengalaman yang mengendalikan upacara miring tersebut dan pakar adat istiadat komuniti Iban. Pemerhatian pula dilakukan semasa upacara miring tersebut dilakukan di tapak kajian. Proses analisis data dilakukan menggunakan teknik analisis kandungan daripada temubual yang telah dijalankan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan upacara miring berperanan penting untuk memastikan kelancaran kerja-kerja pemuliharaan dua buah kubu tersebut selain menjaga sensitiviti komuniti Iban yang tinggal berdekatan dengan kubu tersebut. “Miring” ceremony plays an important role for the Iban’s community. Most previous researches and discussions focus on miring ceremonies but the discussion of the ceremony in the context of historical building preservation are extremely rare. Most researchers focus on the “miring” ceremonies held during the annual festivals, paddy cultivation, early phase of house construction and any activities that are considered need to be carried out the ceremony by the practitioner’s group. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the function of the miring ceremony in the process of preserving Fort Brooke in Julau and Fort Emma in Kanowit, Sarawak. The “miring” ceremony was held before the conservation work in the area began. This study utilises qualitative research methods using participatory observation techniques and in-depth interview. The informant was an experienced “miring” leader who conducted the ceremony and experts of Iban's tradition. Observations were made during the ceremony holds at the study site. The process of data analysis has been done using the content analysis techniques based on the transcriptions from the interviews conducted. Observations were made during the “miring” ceremony at the study site. The purpose of the observation was to see the process of miring ceremony.The findings show that the miring ceremony played an important role to make sure the process of preservation of both forts can be completed as planned and as well as to respect the sensitivity of the Iban community living near the fort.
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