A spoiler is an aerodynamic component used to decrease drag in automobiles. The primary function of the car rear spoiler is to increase the vehicleβs grip on the road by decreasing the aerodynamic drag and increase stability. This rear positioned device built up an area of high pressure to replace the low pressure on the trunk leading to increased stability. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of rear spoiler on automobile aerodynamic drag and stability in compliance with the Malaysian National Speed Limit. Both the sedan vehicle model and the rear spoiler models were built using CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software. The data was then analyzed in CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) software to calculate the drag and lift force acting on the moving sedan car at velocity of 60km/h, 90km/h and 110 km/h. There have been some limitations due to the complexity of the design. Two rear spoiler designs which are the ducktail spoiler and the rear wing were used in the simulation along with the sedan vehicle. The result given by the simulations shows that rear spoilers increase the drag force and the downforce of the car. Rear wing shows a drastic increase in drag and downforce while ducktail spoiler shows a slight increase. The result also shows that slow moving vehicle has higher drag than fast moving vehicle. In summary, spoilers increase drag at low speed and only shows its benefits at high speed. Given the Malaysia National Speed Limit, spoilers may only show its benefit when the vehicle is driven on the expressway since expressways has a speed limit of 110 km/h.
The aerodynamic characteristics of a vehicle play a vital role in steering stability, performance, comfort, and safety of a car. The fuel efficiency of a vehicle is determined by the performance of the internal combustion engine and the aerodynamic design of the body. One of the most important aspects of automobile design is aerodynamic styling. A vehicle with low drag resistance provides advantages in terms of cost and efficiency. This article will review design characteristics and implementation of various specific reference models on drag issues using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques. The benefits and limitations of these models are analysed, and the validity of results in developing guidelines to improve the performance and stability of cars are described. This review paper covers significant studies that utilise the CFD model and simulation on a simplified vehicle model using various turbulence models to generate drag coefficient. Characteristics and impacts of various vehicle design models with and without external factors such as side mirrors and door handles are also discussed. Results obtained from the research focuses on the physics flow structures such as static pressure contours, are presented for the three types of car model geometry. The simplified generic models are more efficient and advocated to apply compared to the specific model geometry based on the result acquired by the latest studies. Simplified generic models are preferred due to their cost-effectiveness, procurement of optimum time, and better simulation effects. Moreover, the study also demonstrates the importance of having a car with suitable turbulence models that are appropriate to be applied for simulations in terms of its applicability, time effectiveness, and cost.
The main causes of aerodynamic drag for automotive vehicles are the flow separation at the rear end of the vehicles. By reducing the drag force, it is possible to increase the fuel economy. Aerodynamic component i.e. Frontal Deflectors (FD) commonly used on trucks to prevent the flow separation. Frontal Deflectors themselves do create the drag, but they also reduce drags by preventing flow separation at downstream. The main aim of this paper is to quantify the effect of frontal deflectors on improving trucks aerodynamics. In this study, the simulation were ran for 6 different shapes of FD which acquires different height and different placement of FD that is mounted on the truck from the frontal roof by using ANSYS Fluent software. The design of the truck has been done in SOLIDWORK 2018 and the same design is used for analysis in ANSYS (Fluent). The two equation models used in this study are ππβ ππ with applying the Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations for the behaviour of fluid flow around the truck. The Reynolds number used is π π π π = 1.1 Γ 106. Based on the result, all the FDβs resulted in reduction of πΆπΆππ. The drag coefficient of all FD models differs. The velocity streamline acquired is different between the Frontal Deflector models mounted on the truck and the flow structure and vortex formation differs in various pattern formation. FD 4 produces the least value of drag. Hence, the efficiency of the truck improves. Therefore, FD 4 is the best model as the πΆπΆππ acquired is 0.508 with the height (15 mm) and placement of (230 mm) is the best FD to be used on a truck. Consequently, the drag reduction percentage of FD 4 compared to the truck without a FD is 32.2%.
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