This study shows that snuff intake causes a significant decrease in E/A ratio and a delay in ventricular relaxation and therefore a decrease in diastolic heart function in the left and right ventricles. The mechanism behind these alterations is probably very complex, but a combination of nicotine effects and loading conditions is probably the main factor.

This study reveals that most systolic- and diastolic cardiac parameters are not chronically significantly altered in middle-aged long-term tobacco users compared with age-matched non-tobacco users.