This article examines the relationship between growing socioeconomic inequality and increased residential segregation in the metropolitan areas of Barcelona and Madrid during the first decade of the 21st century. The research reveals the reasons behind increased residential segregation, as well as the different structural and contextual factors that explain the greater intensity of the phenomenon in the case of Madrid. The results are based on an analysis of data from Spain's 2001 and 2011 Censuses. The conclusions indicate that mixed residential spaces of different socioeconomic groups are in decline, which raises a challenge for social integration and is reflected in current debates in urban sociology regarding the emergence of a new urban question.
In Spain, housing is one of the main axes of social inequality. Its position within Spain’s economic model and welfare system is key to understanding why its financialization at the beginning of the 21st century had such different consequences among residents as well as territorially. In this context, from 2001 to 2011, Madrid became one of the most segregated metropolitan areas in Europe. This article delves into how both housing and its location organise inequality in different social spheres and reproduce it over time. To this end, the geography of this inequality is analysed in different social residential trajectories, along with how segregation produces its own dynamics of inequality. The analysis is based on census data and applies a combination of factor and cluster analyses. The results reveal important processes of social residential marginalisation articulated by the interaction between high international immigration and the spatial manifestation of the housing bubble. The main socio-spatial result of this process is the disappearance of mixed social spaces in Madrid, previously located in the centre of the city. This dynamic produces opposite territories in terms of advantage and disadvantage in different spheres linked to social inequality such as education, health, leisure, care and even prejudice. In the process, impoverished immigrants disperse towards the neighbourhoods that concentrate the greatest disadvantages in each of these spheres.
Resumen Las lógicas neoliberales tienen un impacto claro y a menudo diferenciado en las ciudades actuales pero resulta conveniente contrastar empíricamente los marcos teóricos provenientes de la tradición francesa o norteamericana, para poder entender las diferencias que se dan en las ciudades del sur de Europa. El objetivo es aplicar la teoría de la ciudad partida (Marcuse y Van Kempen, 2000) a través de análisis cuantitativo multivariable, explicando los procesos de segregación y las diferencias en los espacios sociales en la Comunidad de Madrid y su posible adecuación al modelo teórico que sostiene el crecimiento de las divisiones en los espacios urbanos. Palabras clave: segregación residencial, desigualdad, burbuja inmobiliaria, crisis, ciudad partida. 1 Este artículo es resultado del programa de actividades "Vulnerabilidad, participación y ciudadanía: claves para un desarrollo urbano sostenible" [S2015/HUM-3413], cofinanciado por la Comunidad de Madrid y el Fondo Social Europeo.
Access to housing is one of the most relevant issues in people's life trajectories. In Spain, such access has changed significantly since the Great Recession due to the increase in the importance of private rentals and rents rise. This article describes and analyzes the dynamics of the increase in rents and its sociospatial effects, in detail and territorial organization for the city of Madrid (2015Madrid ( -2018. To this end, it uses innovative statistical sources and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyze the territorial unfolding and the socio-spatial consequences of this new residential model. The results show the exclusionary character of the urban center, which displaces the most precarious fractions of the most qualified groups, increasing the residential pressure on the popular peripheries of the city. This dynamic reveals the incidence of a new wave of gentrification supported by the rent bubble, a source of uncertain residential growth in the urban peripheries.
Este artículo aborda la relación entre el incremento de la desigualdad socioeconómica y el aumento de la segregación residencial en las principales áreas metropolitanas españolas (Barcelona, Bilbao, Madrid, Sevilla, Valencia y Zaragoza) durante la primera década del siglo XXI, estableciendo las razones estructurales y contextuales de dicho incremento, así como la variación entre los diferentes casos. Los resultados se han obtenido mediante el análisis de los censos de población y vivienda de 2001 y 2011. Las conclusiones señalan que la segregación de los diferentes grupos sociales en distintos entornos residenciales está en auge, salvo en el caso de Bilbao, lo cual plantea un desafío para el reconocimiento entre los diversos grupos sociales que habitan las ciudades contemporáneas.
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