Urethral duplication is a rare congenital anomaly with a variable clinical presentation. This pathological condition may easily be under diagnosed, especially in patients with other associated anomalies, such as hypospadias or bladder exstrophy. Surgical management should be planned individually according to the anatomical findings of the abnormality.

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1 The subcellular mechanisms regulating stimulus-contraction coupling in detrusor remain to be determined. We used Ca

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Genitourinary emergencies are commonly seen in the emergency room, and the primary care physician plays a vital role in the initial evaluation and treatment of each. Although genitourinary trauma is rarely life threatening, it may be the cause of significant long-term morbidity. Key clinical indicators outlined in this article (eg, inability to urinate, gross hematuria) combined with judicious use of imaging help stage the injury and allow a safe and rational approach to treatment. The acute scrotum frequently presents a challenging problem to both the emergentologist and urologist. Although epididymitis may be managed nonoperatively, there should be no delay in exploring suspected testis torsion. The conditions of the penis outlined require urgent treatment to preserve potency (priapism) and restore normal function (eg, penile amputation). Acute urinary retention has a myriad of underlying etiologies, and treatment must be individualized. Urgent bladder decompression by urethral or suprapubic catheterization provides initial relief until urologic consultation is available.

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Providing surgeons with feedback on their fluoroscopy usage reduces patient and surgeon radiation exposure. Implementing such a tracking system requires minimal changes to existing operating room staff workflow. Further study is warranted to study the impact of this program on other procedures that utilize fluoroscopy in urology and other specialties.

Patients with continent cutaneous ileal cecocystoplasty undergo fewer interventions to maintain the catheterizable channel than patients with a tunneled continent catheterizable channel.