Starting in adolescence and continuing through adulthood, women are twice as likely as men to experience depression. According to the response styles theory (RST), gender differences in depression result, in part, from women’s tendency to ruminate more than men. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate gender differences in rumination in adults (k = 59; N = 14,321); additionally, an analysis of subtypes of rumination – brooding and reflection – was conducted (k = 23). Fixed effects analyses indicated that women scored higher than men in rumination (d = .24, p < .01, SEd = .02), brooding (d = .19, p < .01, SEd = .03) and reflection (d = .17, p < .01, SEd = .03); there was no evidence of heterogeneity or publication bias across studies for these effect sizes. Although statistically significant, the effect sizes for gender differences in rumination were small in magnitude. Results are discussed with respect to the RST and gender differences in depression.

This study investigates the feasibility and effectiveness of providing telepsychiatry services to Chinese immigrants in a nursing home. The psychiatrist interviewed patients face-to-face for the initial consultation, and encouraged them to participate in this study to receive telepsychiatry-based follow-up visits. The feasibility and outcomes of telepsychiatry visits and satisfaction of the subjects, their families, and the nursing home staff were assessed. Nine monolingual Chinese immigrants, 8 women and 1 man, ranging from 54 to 88 years of age, were enrolled. The main reasons for psychiatric consultation were mood and behavioral problems. Eight of the 9 (88.9%) subjects participated in videoconference follow-up visits, and 1 subject (11.1%) declined. Among the 8 subjects, 6 were referred for psychiatric intervention, 1 for differential diagnosis, and 1 for suicide assessment. At the end of the study, all 6 subjects referred for intervention had greatly improved; the subjects, their families, and the nursing staff were highly satisfied with the telepsychiatry service. It is feasible to provide psychiatry consultations to ethnic immigrants in a nursing home despite the fact that many of them are unfamiliar with the technology and suffer from dementia and psychotic symptoms. Telepsychiatry provides an efficient way for ethnic elders in nursing homes to connect with mental health professionals with the appropriate language and cultural background, regardless of location. Telepsychiatry may decrease the disparities in treatment of mental illnesses among ethnic immigrants in nursing homes.

The va por pressu re of wate r at its tri ple point was meas ured with exce pti onall y hi gh acc uracy by reali zing it with a special a ppara tu s and meas urin g the press ure with the NBS precision merc ur y ma nome ter. The va por press ure a pparatus had a syste m for c irc ul ating th e liqui d wa te r. Actu al triple point con diti ons we re es ta bli shed with a thin sheet of fres hl y distill ed liquid Rowin g dow n over a n ex pose d man tle of ice froze n on a verti cal well. T hi s tec hnique redu ced non-volatil e co nta min an ts a nd th e va por was re peatedl y pumped to re move acc umul ated volatile conta min a nts. A di aph ragm press ure tra nsd uce r was used to se pa ra te th e wa te r va por from th e he lium used to trans mit th e press ure to th e manomete r. The valu e fou nd for th e va por press ure of water at its tri ple po int was 61 1.657 Pa with an un ce rtainty of ± 0.010 Pa fro m ra ndom e rrors, co mputed a t 99 percent confid e nce li mits. Th e sys te ma ti c e rrors a re estima ted to be in s ignifica nt relati ve to th e ra nd om e rrors.Key word s: Prec ision me rc ury ma nometer; tri ple point of wate r; vapor pressu re of wa ter.

Relationship discord is associated with the severity, onset, and course of depression. Consequently, including the partner of depressed individuals in treatment may be expected to be beneficial in the treatment of depression. In this article, we review the existing research on couple-based interventions for depression, including interventions specifically developed for couples experiencing co-occurring depression and relationship discord, as well as interventions developed for couples who are not necessarily discordant. We also review research on change processes and mediators of outcome, as well as on predictors of outcome. Couple-based interventions have been shown to reduce depression and relationship discord for depressed individuals in discordant relationships, and reduce depression for depressed individuals in nondiscordant relationships. Research has begun to identify the change processes and mediators of couple-based interventions for depression, as well as to identify predictors of treatment outcome, but additional research is needed to better understand how and for whom these treatments are effective.

The association between stressful life events and depression has been consistently supported in the literature; however, studies of the developmental trajectories of these constructs and the nature of their association over time are limited. We examined trajectories of depressive symptoms and negative dependent life events and the associations between these constructs in a sample of 916 youth assessed annually from age 9 to 16, using latent growth curve modeling. Youth depressive symptoms, as rated by youth, parents, and teachers, decreased from late childhood into adolescence, whereas rates of youth-rated life events did not change significantly over time. Initial levels of depressive symptoms were positively associated with initial levels of life events. Furthermore, after controlling for the initial association between the two constructs, increases in depressive symptoms (as assessed by parents and youth) were positively associated with increases in life events over time. The study builds on prior research by focusing specifically on negative dependent life events, examining results across multiple informants, and employing latent growth curve modeling to evaluate associations between trajectories of life events and depressive symptoms in a longitudinal adolescent sample. Additional studies employing latent growth modeling to examine the changes in this association during adolescence are needed.