The history of the British Isles and Ireland is characterized by multiple periods of major cultural change, including the influential transformation after the end of Roman rule, which precipitated shifts in language, settlement patterns and material culture1. The extent to which migration from continental Europe mediated these transitions is a matter of long-standing debate2–4. Here we study genome-wide ancient DNA from 460 medieval northwestern Europeans—including 278 individuals from England—alongside archaeological data, to infer contemporary population dynamics. We identify a substantial increase of continental northern European ancestry in early medieval England, which is closely related to the early medieval and present-day inhabitants of Germany and Denmark, implying large-scale substantial migration across the North Sea into Britain during the Early Middle Ages. As a result, the individuals who we analysed from eastern England derived up to 76% of their ancestry from the continental North Sea zone, albeit with substantial regional variation and heterogeneity within sites. We show that women with immigrant ancestry were more often furnished with grave goods than women with local ancestry, whereas men with weapons were as likely not to be of immigrant ancestry. A comparison with present-day Britain indicates that subsequent demographic events reduced the fraction of continental northern European ancestry while introducing further ancestry components into the English gene pool, including substantial southwestern European ancestry most closely related to that seen in Iron Age France5,6.

Purpose This study aimed to determine the mid-and longterm success and complication rates of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in treatment of osteoid osteoma (OO). Furthermore we were interested in the value of bone biopsy when using a core-drill before the radiofrequency ablation. Methods We retrospectively analysed data of 33 patients (33 osteoid osteomas, 22 males, 11 females) who underwent computed-tomography (CT) guided radiofrequency ablation between 1998 and 2005. The patients had a mean age of 20 years (range, five to 50 years). They were monitored for a mean follow-up of 92 months (range, 60-121 months). Results Lesions were located as follows: 11 cases in the proximal femur, five in the femoral shaft, six in the tibia, one in the calcaneus, two in the metatarsals (second and fourth metatarsals), one in the os cuneiforme mediale, six in the humeral and one in the ulnar shaft. Within the presented time frame 32 of 33 patients were successfully treated and had no more complaints. In one of 33 patients relapse occurred after 28 months and RFA was repeated. There were no complications associated with the procedure. Biopsy obtained prior to thermocoagulation with the help of a core-drill was able to prove diagnosis in all patients (100%). Conclusions These results indicate that the presented technique of CT guided RFA combined with the use of a core-drill for biopsy prior to RFA treatment is a highly effective, efficient, minimally invasive and safe method for the treatment of OO, yielding a success rate of 97% combined with a 100% histological verification of the diagnosis after a minimum follow-up period of five years.

An osteoid osteoma of the dens axis was diagnosed by computed tomography and bone scintigraphy in a 14-year-old girl with a 1.5-year history of pain. No case of an osteoid osteoma of the dens axis has been published in the literature yet. Regarding its clinical and radiological appearance, this osteoid osteoma was essentially similar to osteoid osteomas in other locations, i.e., it had an osteolytic nidus surrounded by sclerosis, associated with nocturnal pain and a positive aspirin test.

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This study aims to present the first results of fieldwork conducted by the teams of the Römisch-Germanische Kommission (Frankfurt am Main) and the Institute of Archaeological Sciences of Eötvös Loránd University (Budapest) in the scope of a joint project. The investigated tell site, Berettyóújfalu-Szilhalom is well known by prehistoric archaeology due to earlier excavations. The main goals of the project were to gain a better understanding of Late Neolithic tell formation processes, to investigate the relations of a tell and its adjacent horizontal settlement and to get a more detailed picture on the Late Neolithic–Early Copper Age transition. Therefore we re-opened the refilled trench of the excavation carried out in 1976, collected bone, soil and micromorphological samples for further examinations, performed geomagnetic prospections, made drillings and field surveys.