The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine on blood pressure and heart rate (HR) regulation, as well as on adrenergic and serotoninergic neurotransmission, in fructose hypertensive (F) rats. The anterior hypothalamic area of control (C) and F rats was perfused with Ringer's solution containing 10 and 100 microg/mL yohimbine through a microdialysis concentric probe. The effects of yohimbine on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and HR, as well as on hypothalamic dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) levels, were measured according to perfusion time. Although intrahypothalamic perfusion of yohimbine increased blood pressure in C rats (DeltaMAP 9 +/- 1 and 11 +/- 2 mmHg for 10 and 100 microg/mL yohimbine, respectively; P < 0.05 vs Ringer's perfusion), the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist did not modify MAP in F. Intrahypothalamic yohimbine had no effect on HR at either concentration tested. Intrahypothalamic perfusion of 10 and 100 microg/mL yohimbine increased DOPAC levels in C rats (135 +/- 6 and 130 +/- 5% of basal levels, respectively; both n = 6; P < 0.05 vs Ringer's perfusion), but not in F animals (115 +/- 6 and 102 +/- 6% of basal levels, respectively; both n = 6). In both C and F rats, yohimbine administration induced an increase in 5-HIAA dialysate levels. The results of the present study support the notion that alpha2-adrenoceptor tone of the anterior hypothalamus of normotensive rats, which contributes to normal blood pressure regulation, is not involved in the control of HR in either normotensive C or hypertensive F rats. The absence of changes in MAP after yohimbine perfusion in F rats suggests that the alpha2-adrenoceptor tone could be decreased in this group of rats and that this may be responsible for the maintenance of hypertension in this model. Intrahypothalamic perfusion of yohimbine increased DOPAC in the dialysate only in C rats, suggesting changes in presynaptic alpha2-adrenoceptor activity in fructose-overloaded rats. Conversely, increased 5-HIAA levels did not differ between C and F groups.

The cat scratch disease is a relatively rare disease caused by Bartonella henselae. Only a small proportion of the cases that described extranodal involvement occurs. We report a 11 year old male patient with persistent fever, liver and osteoarticular involvement with a predominance of dorsolumbar spine. Evolution was satisfactory with complete clinical and imaging evidenced recovery in several months of monitoring. Case was analyzed considering EAG published literature, emphasizing the need to include this condition in the differential diagnoses in patients with bone involvement suggestive of systemic disease.

The extra-adrenal paraganglioma is a neoplasm originating in regional structures, uncommon in paediatrics. We report on a case of a 13-year-old patient who began with severe arterial hypertension, tachycardia, dilated cardiomyopathy and elevated levels of catecholamines in the blood and urine. The presence of a retrovesical pelvic mass in contact with the right vaginal dome was determined by imaging studies. A diagnosis of malignant extra-adrenal pelvic paraganglioma with lymph node metastases was reached through biopsy and the surgical resection of subsequent local recurrences. Paragangliomas are usually located in the paravertebral zones from the base of the skull to the retroperitoneum and are benign in 90% of cases. This kind of neoplasia is uncommon in paediatrics, especially those located in the pelvis. In cases of masses of a gynaecological origin, a differential diagnosis should be considered, and a histological and immunohistochemical study is essential in certifying the diagnosis.

A pilomatrixoma is a benign skin tumor common in children, which develops from the matrix cells of hair follicles. It presents as a nodule or tumor of approximately 0.5-3 cm in size, with calcium-like consistency, faceted edges, and blue erythematous overlying skin. Sometimes, the skin may atrophy and look like a blister or even extrude calcium. Diagnosis is suspected based on the typical clinical presentation and supplementary imaging tests. The definite diagnosis is made according to histological findings. Surgical removal is the treatment of choice.Here we describe the epidemiological and clinical data, supplementary tests, and surgical techniques in relation to

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