Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries, being the most frequent musculoskeletal trauma among athletes. Most of these injuries are successfully treated conservatively; however, up to 70% of patients can develop long-lasting symptoms. Therefore, understanding prognostic factors for an ankle sprain could help clinicians identify patients with poor prognosis and choose the right treatment. A suggested approach will be presented in order to positively identify the factors that should warrant a more aggressive attitude in the initial conservative treatment. There are some prognostic factors linked to a better recovery and outcome; nevertheless, prognostic factors for full recovery after initial ankle sprain are not consistent. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:334-338. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.200019
installation of an aortoeunilateral endograft in the right side, and we performed a femoroefemoral bypass from the right common femoral artery (CFA) to the left CFA using a 6mm e-PTFE standard-wall graft. The left common iliac artery (CIA) was blocked with a plug. Case 2: A 77 years-old male patient arrived at the Emergency Department of our Hospital because of acute abdominal pain, symptoms of left leg ischemia and decreased hemoglobin levels. His past medical history included an asymptomatic 12 cm infrarenal AAA treated with a bifurcated stent graft two years ago. Urgent ultrasound (U/S) and CT revealed a sac growth of approximately 13cm, a double Type IIIa endoleak due to the disconnection of both limbs from the main body with caused left leg thrombosis, and a late Type II endoleak from the IMA. We implanted a bridging limb extension to the right leg using a snare after exposure of the left brachial artery and both femoral arteries. Moreover, we implanted two aortic cuff endografts in the main body to close the ostium of the left leg. We also performed a femoro-femoral bypass from the right to the left common femoral artery to reperfuse the left leg. Both procedures were uneventful. After that, we proceeded in the treatment of type II endoleaks in both patients with endovascular embolization of feeding arteries. Conclusion: Type III endoleaks, although a rare complication after EVAR, may be presented with a late, untreated or undetected Type II endoleak. In these cases, the treatment options are technically demanding, and a combination of endovascular and open surgical procedures needed.
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