The concept af virtual channels is extended to multiple, virtual communication systems that provide adaptability and fault tolerance in addition to being deadlock-free. A channel dependency graph is taken as the definition of what connections are possible and any routing function must use only those connections defined by it. Virtual interconnection networks allowing adaptive, deadlock-free routing arc examined for three k-ary n-cube topologies: unidirectional, torus-connected bidirectional, and mesh-connected bidirectional. Index firms-Adaptive routing, concurrent computing, deadlock, faulttolerant computing, message passing architecture, virtual channels, virtual networks, wormbole routing.
Phased logic is proposed as a solution to the increasing problem of timing complexity in digital design. It is a delay-insensitive design methodology that seeks to restore the separation between logical and physical design by eliminating the need to distribute low-skew clock signals and carefully balance propagation delays. However, unlike other methodologies that avoid clocks, phased logic supports the cyclic, deterministic behavior of the synchronous design paradigm. This permits the designer to rely chiefly on current experience and CAD tools to create phased logic systems. Marked graph theory is used as a framework for governing the interaction of phased logic gates that operate directly on Level-Encoded two-phase Dual-Rail (LEDR) signals. A synthesis algorithm is developed for converting clocked systems to phased logic systems and is applied to benchmark examples. Performance results indicate that phased logic tends to be tolerant of logic delay imbalances and has predictable worst-case timing behavior. Although phased logic requires additional circuitry, it has the potential to shorten the design cycle by reducing timing complexities.
In this study of 197 abstracts from the ten most prestigious open access Translation Studies journals published in Spain between 2011-12, 73 of 197 abstracts (37%) were found to contain a total of 128 errors (75 grammatical, 42 vocabulary-related and 11 typographical). Three “risk factors” were suspected to correlate with higher error incidence (>40% error rate), namely: 1. when abstracts do not conform to the author's guidelines for language and length; 2. when abstracts appear in monographic issues or dossiers within issues; and 3. when abstracts appear in journals published only electronically. A higher error incidence was found to correspond with those journals that presented all three risks (3/4 (75%). A correspondence between high incidence of error and individual risk factors was also found: 67% of electronic only published journals, 71% of monographic guest-edited journals and 57% of journals with length non-compliance had higher error incidences. Several recommendations for journal editors and abstract authors are provided.
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