The article is focused on the evaluation of accumulation volume changes in 9 water reservoirs near Banská Štiavnica (Slovakia) by comparing historical maps and using modern bathymetric surveying technologies. The mining region of Banská Štiavnica has been inscribed into the UNESCO List of the World and Cultural Heritage in 1993. Accumulation and transfer of sediments depend mainly on changes of land cover in the watersheds that lead to the loss of retention capacity and reduction of life span of reservoirs. The results of a comparison of two 3D models, one created from historic documentation and the other created from data of field surveying have shown overall reduction in the volume of water totalling 446484m3, i.e. 16.70%from past to current time. Causes of sedimentation were searched in watersheds changes over time. These were identified by comparison of historical aerial imagery (1949) with existing aerial photographs.
The main goal of this work was to verify the historic data of historic artificial water reservoir Ottergrund, Banská Štiavnica district, which is inscribed in the UNESCO world heritage list. Main focus was set to area-storage capacity curve. There is historic map with the display of reservoir bottom contours and area-storage capacity curve in a paper format. These data were analysed and compared with the results of the calculation of area-storage capacity curve that was performed with the use of a new tool with named "ASC_Curve", which is based on Python script. This tool utilizes ArcPy site package and it works with the TIN model of water reservoir bottom. In case of water reservoir Ottergrund we created the TIN model of the historic bottom; input data for the TIN model creation was the historic contour plan. The results of the analysis have shown that the storage capacity calculated with the use of the developed ASC_Curve tool is 97% of the volume mentioned in the historic map. Analysis has also show the minor mathematical errors in the calculations of the area-storage capacity data in historic contour plan. This tool can also be used also for the analysis of the current storage capacity conditions of the water reservoirs, if the surveying with echosounding equipment is performed to obtain the data to produce the TIN model of the water reservoir bottom.
This article is focused on the analysis and evaluation of the changes of the bottom of the Bakomi reservoir, the total volume of the reservoir, ecosystems, as well as changes in the riparian zone of the Bakomi reservoir (situated in the central Slovakia). Changes of the water component of the reservoir were subject to the deposition by erosion-sedimentation processes, and were identifed on the basis of a comparison of the present relief of the bottom of reservoir obtained from feld measurements (in 2011) with the relief measurements of the bottom obtained from the 1971 historical maps, (i.e. over a period of 40 years). Changes of landscape structures of the riparian zone have been mapped for the time period of 1949–2013; these changes have been identifed with the analysis of ortophotomaps and the feld survey. There has been a signifcant rise of disturbed shores with low herb grassland. Over a period of 40 years, there has been a deposition of 667 m3 of sediments. The results showed that there were no signifcant changes in the local ecosystems of the Bakomi reservoir in comparison to the other reservoirs in the vicinity of Banská Štiavnica.
The hydration potential of a landscape is an increasingly important attribute in a time of advancing climate change, making its assessment also a matter of some urgency. This study used the landscape ecological approach involving the hydrological balance, in which the soil water retention capacity (SWRC) and landscape water retention capacity (LWRC) are evaluated. To support our assessment of the water retention capacity in the landscape (LWRC), we used a synthetic interconnection of analytical vector layers of selected physical parameters of soil subtypes and secondary landscape structure (SLS) to create homogeneous polygons in the GIS Arc/Map10 computing environment. Selected abiotic and biotic attributes were assigned coefficients using a simple algorithm according to the authors, which were projected into landscape ecological complexes (LEC) in the GIS computer program in the Arc/Map10 program. We used hydrological balance calculations to specify the volumes of water retained in the landscape. The aim is to spatially estimate the retention capacity of the landscape, taking into account the current land use, including historical anti-erosion measures to reduce unwanted water runoff and soil erosion. Using zonal statistics, we achieved the following results. The part of the model area with very low or low LWCR represents 39.91% of the agricultural land used. We recorded a high LWCR on 17.69% of the area, with a predominance of meadows and cultizol cambis and cultizol fluvials. The calculation of the hydrological balance, which represents only 22.9% of atmospheric precipitation, also made a significant contribution to our knowledge of the LWRC.
The paper deals with changes in water volumes contained in the Halčiansky water reservoir as a result of sedimentation and aggradation of bed loads and wash loads to the area of a water reservoir by the influence of erosive activity of tributaries in the watershed. The results of a comparison of two 3D models, one for the year 1908, created from historic documentation, and the other for year 2010, created from collection of data in the field, have shown a reduction in the volume of water totaling 35,874 m3, which represents the volume of sediments accumulated over the period of 102 years. Modern surveying technology and numerical modeling of the selected watershed surface area have been used for the determination of the changes in water volume. Analysis of secondary landscape structures, slope and empirical knowledge were performed in basin areas prone to erosion, in order to further the understanding of factors contributing to the erosion of the material. Water management, forestry, agriculture and population level, build-up of the area have all been identified as contributing elements, alongside other factors.
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