Recebido em 08/12/2015; aceito em 12/01/2016; publicado na web em 12/04/2016 This paper summarizes a problematic nomenclature of isomers belonging to chlorogenic acid family since its first occurrence until present. During decades, there have been a high number of articles dealing with the family. Unfortunately, researchers who want to get knowledge about this topic may be strongly confused after reading a few articles. Due to gradual discoveries and isolations of the individual isomers from plenty of matrices and because of the changing system of terminology after these discoveries, discrepancies among articles are common. The cause of this confusion is that the main compound of the family, 5-caffeoylquinic acid (also wellknown as chlorogenic acid), was truly called as 3-caffeoylquinic acid before 1976, when new rules for nomenclature were published. Many researchers and also chemicals suppliers, however, keep using the "pre-IUPAC" nomenclature and wrongly call 3-caffeoylquinic acid as chlorogenic acid, the main substituent of the family. Despite there have been some works struggling with this issue, the problem is still appearing. Therefore, the present work was written.
Extensive traditional use of medical plants leads to research dealing with chemical composition of essential oils. The aim of this work was evaluation of quality of the essential oil and extending of the knowledge about chemical composition of essential oil from ribwort (Plantago lanceolata L.) and proportional representation of compounds. Extractions of essential oils from samples of ribwort were performed by hydrodistillation. GC-MS and GC-FID techniques were used for investigation of the qualitative and semi-quantitative content of aromatic compounds in the essential oils, respectively. Major aroma constituents of ribwort leaves were groups of fatty acids 28.0-52.1 % (the most abundant palmitic acid 15.3-32.0 %), oxidated monoterpenes 4.3-13.2 % (linalool 2.7-3.5 %), aldehydes and ketones 6.9-10.0 % (pentyl vinyl ketone 2.0-3.4 %) and alcohols 3.8-9.2 % (1-octen-3-ol 2.4-8.2 %). In relative high amount were identified apocarotenoids (1.5-2.3 %) which are important constituents because of their intense fragrant. The importance is in potential manufacture control of feedstocks before producing of food supplements.
In this study, an optimisation of extraction of sulphur volatile compounds (SVCs) has been performed using Central Composite Design. The conditions of the highest amount of eluated peaks and total peaks area have been treated. Factors such as coating of fiber for SPME (Solid Phase Microextraction), extraction temperature and extraction time have been optimised. The SVCs have shown the optimal extraction using a DVB/CAR/PDMS (divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane) fiber at 73 °C during 50 min. Furthermore, a pre-incubation step lasting 20 min at the extraction temperature has been used. In total, 12 samples have been investigated at the mentioned optimal conditions, eight from the Alliaceae and four from the Brassicaceae family. The highest number of SVCs (24) has been identified in the sample of chive. The most frequently identified compound found in 11 of 12 samples has been dimethyl trisulphide.
Fruit spirits are typical alcoholic beverages in the Moravian region of the Czech Republic. The aim of this work was to find differences in chemical composition among volatile profiles of spirits produced from various kinds of fruits. Twenty-four samples of seven kinds of fruit spirits (plum, apple, pear, cherry, mirabelle, apricot and raspberry spirits) were analysed for examination of their volatile profiles. The most abundant family of compounds was esters, particularly ethyl esters. Sesquiterpenes proved to be a significant group of volatile substances by observing the differences between pome and stone fruit spirits [by relative higher content of (E,E)-α-farnesene and by presence of α-zingiberene and (E)-α-bisabolene in volatile profiles of pome fruit spirits]. Only in stone fruit spirits were propyl decanoate and ethyl salicylate found. Some other compounds were observed as being characteristic for individual kinds of analysed fruit spirits, e.g. γ-decalactone for apricot spirits, (E)-β-farnesene for apple spirits, (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol for mirabelle spirits or some apocarotenoids for raspberry spirits. This work could potentially be the basis for checking the fruit origin of these distillates, or a partial manual as to how to differentiate individual kinds of pome-fruit spirits (pear and apple spirits) or stone-fruit spirits (plum, mirabelle, apricot spirits).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.