A series of crosslinked, ammonium-functionalized, and partially fluorinated copolymers have been prepared and evaluated as anion exchange membranes. In order to investigate the effect of crosslinking on the membrane properties, precursor copolymers containing chloromethyl groups were crosslinked with various aliphatic diamines followed by quaternization with monoamines. Crosslinking was effective in lowering water absorbability at no expense of high hydroxide ion conductivity of the membranes. By tuning the degree of crosslinking (20 mol %) and crosslinker chain length (C6 and C8), the highest ion conductivity of 73 mS/cm (at 80 C in water) was achieved. Furthermore, alkaline stability of the membranes was also improved by the crosslinking; the remaining ion conductivity after the stability test (in 1 M potassium hydroxide at 80 C) was 8.2 mS/cm (after 1000 h) for the C6 crosslinked membrane and 1 mS/cm (after 500 h) for the uncrosslinked membrane, respectively. The ammonium groups attached with the crosslinkers seemed more alkaline stable than the uncrosslinked benzyltrimethylammonium groups, while the polymer main chain was intact under the harsh alkaline conditions.

Piperidinium functionalized partially fluorinated copolymers with varying alkyl spacer length were synthesized and evaluated as anion exchange membranes to achieve improved performance in alkaline fuel cells.

A novel hydrophilic structure with no β-hydrogen atoms on the quaternary ammonium functionality has been developed for anion exchange membranes. The membranes featured high hydroxide conductivity and alkaline stability under harsh conditions.