Although Euroscepticism as a scholarly term seems to be indispensable in European studies today, we argue that the current approaches to party-based Euroscepticism are in need of reformulation. This is so mainly because students of party-based Euroscepticism mistakenly construe the term as a deviation from the essentialized integration mainstream. While the study of Euroscepticism has also developed in alternative directions, these innovative approaches have only created additional problems: either the redefinition of Euroscepticism leads to more substantive definitions, but also to the denial of the temporal and spatial diversity of Euroscepticism, or the redefinition results in creating new typologies, but these typologies only reproduce the old pattern of deviation vs. the norm on a different level. This critical literature review article concludes by briefly outlining the steps which would redress the situation and which consist of a radical contextualization of Euroscepticism(s).
This article is a contribution to security sciences which underlines, on the basis of the multidisciplinary approach, the importance of skill levels in relation to the resistance to the securitization of security issues in connection with the development of European integration. It enriches the field of security management using the method of securitization as well as the the perspective of political science, sociology, and economic theory. Through the example of French referendum on the European constitutional treaty, it demonstrates the importance of skill level for the susceptibility of different population groups to the securitization of the topics of the campaign, namely within the context of the deepening of European integration, which respectively threatens certainty and increases uncertainty. The paper also draws attention to the possibility of emergence of the so-called paradox of securitization.
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