The hypothesis that people assess both others and themselves in terms of an ‘ideal’ image, has lent a new dimension to theories of inter- and intra-personal perception. Investigation of these theories has led to the development, at Wingrove Cottage Community Clinic, of a test aimed at elucidating the role of the ‘ideal’, both for greater theoretical understanding of this concept and for its obvious utility in clinical applications. Using standard personality questionnaires, (Cattell's 16 Personality Factors Test(I6PF) and Edward's Personal Preferences Questionnaire (EPPQ)), both patients and nonpatients were presented with an eleven point scale between the standard descriptions of these factors. They were asked to rate:- (i) themselves, (ii) their ideal self, and either (iii) (a) Wingrove Receptionist, or (b) their spouse. In addition, each subject completed the full form of these scales, in order to establish an ‘actual’ personality profile. The results of these studies, comparing the four profiles obtained, provide strong evidence for the existence of an internalized, socially constructed and cognitively-prejudicing ‘ideal’ personality profile which significantly influences both the interpersonal relationships and self esteem of patients. The findings obtained afforded a powerful basis for subsequent discussion and analysis between patient, therapist and .spouse, through which prejudices were revealed and cognivitely/affectively unlearned.
The current view that the morbidly obese do not show a unique personality pattern is challenged. A sample of 91 obese female patients at a general practice are identified as having a significant personality pattern using the Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire (16 PF) and the Neuroticism Scale Questionnaire (N.S.Q.). Further the personality factors are consistent with a model that explains aspects of morbid exogenous obesity.
This study was undertaken to establish that in an audience situation, music may facilitate an immediate attitude change toward a therapist by patients. To determine the characteristics of such a change, recorded (popular and classical) and live (cello) music was employed. A semantic differential was used to measure attitude change by psychiatric inpatients and control subjects (medical students and student nurses). Significant attitude change were found when the music presented was the preference of the therapist and when this preference was conveyed to the audience. Patient breakdown into diagnostic categories also showed that patients with affective or alcoholic disorders showed significantly larger attitude change than the controls. Results are discussed in terms of cognitive consistency theories of attitude change, concluding that maximal attitude change toward a therapist occurs under conditions in which the therapist presents new aspects of behavior (in terms of previous exposure) to the patients.
Conflict in relationships caused Wingrove Cottage Community Clinic to use in couple therapy and then further develop, the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS;. The development addressed the length of the original questions and the limitations of self-reporting tests by creating a comparison of personal, partner, ideal and remake of partner perceptions. This obvious and concise inventory was called the Marital Synchrony Inventory (MSI) which allowed for comparison of discrepancies between subjects self, partner, ideal and remake perceptions by using the 15 personality variables of the EPPS with a written description of what each word meant. A significant correlation between both instruments provided the impetus to further improve and condense the MSI through factorizing the 15 items. This was effected and 3 factors emerged and were called Authoritativeness, Empathy and Compliance. This condensed version of the MSI was called the Partner Synchrony Inventory (PSI) to be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic benefit of the client. This instrument will be usable by therapists for all heterosexual, homosexual and relational couples. The PSI is now available as a userfriendly computer-aided test for use by therapists.Whilst it is known that some conflict is a necessary part of an intimate relationship (Tavris, 1982), too much conflict in a relationship can lead to dysfunction occurring. This in turn can lead to the breakdown of the relationship. With increased numbers of relationships ending in the Family Law Courts, the Attorney General's Department along with many education and counseling agencies is considering avenues of premarriage and marriage education, as well as marital therapy to help diminish the number of breakdowns in relationships.
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