Throughout the ocean surface, autotrophic organisms fix CO 2 and inorganic nutrients to produce organic matter, which accumulates in the water column as suspended particles (Falkowski et al., 1998). The fate of these particles in turn controls major oceanic biogeochemical cycles, and the ability of the ocean to sequester atmospheric

No abstract

Oceanic emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) account for roughly one-third of all natural sources to the atmosphere. Hot-spots of N 2 O outgassing occur over oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), where the presence of steep oxygen gradients surrounding anoxic waters leads to enhanced N 2 O production from both nitrification and denitrification. However, the relative contributions from these pathways to N 2 O production and outgassing in these regions remains poorly constrained, in part due to shared intermediary nitrogen tracers, and the tight coupling of denitrification sources and sinks. To shed light on this problem, we embed a new, mechanistic model of the OMZ nitrogen cycle within a three-dimensional eddy-resolving physical-biogeochemical model of the Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP), tracking contributions from remote advection, atmospheric exchange, and local nitrification and denitrification. The model indicates that net N 2 O production from denitrification is approximately one order of magnitude greater than nitrification within the ETSP OMZ. However, only ∼32% of denitrification-derived N 2 O production ultimately outgasses to the atmosphere in this region (contributing ∼36% of the air-sea N 2 O flux on an annual basis), while the remaining is exported out of the domain. Instead, remotely produced N 2 O advected into the OMZ region accounts for roughly half (∼57%) of the total N 2 O outgassing, with smaller contributions from nitrification (∼7%). Our results suggests that, together with enhanced production by denitrification, upwelling of remotely derived N 2 O contributes the most to N 2 O outgassing over the ETSP OMZ.MCCOY ET AL.

Oceanic emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) account for roughly one-third of all natural sources to the atmosphere. Hot-spots of N2O outgassing occur over oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), where the presence of steep oxygen gradients surrounding anoxic waters leads to enhanced N2O production from both nitrification and denitrification. However, the relative contributions from these pathways to N2O production and outgassing in these regions remains poorly constrained, in part due to shared intermediary nitrogen tracers, and the tight coupling of denitrification sources and sinks. To shed light on this problem, we embed a new, mechanistic model of the OMZ nitrogen cycle within a three-dimensional eddy-resolving physical-biogeochemical model of the ETSP, tracking contributions from remote advection, atmospheric exchange, and local nitrification and denitrification. Our results indicate that net N2O production from denitrification is approximately one order of magnitude greater than nitrification within the ETSP OMZ. However, only ~30% of denitrification-derived N2O production ultimately outgasses to the atmosphere in this region (contributing ~34% of the air-sea N2O flux on an annual basis), while the remaining is exported out of the domain. Instead, remotely-produced N2O advected into the OMZ region accounts for roughly half (~56%) of the total N2O outgassing, with smaller contributions from nitrification (~7%). Our results suggests that, together with enhanced production by denitrification, upwelling of remotely-derived N2O (likely produced via nitrification in the oxygenated ocean) contributes the most to N2O outgassing over the ETSP OMZ.

At the ocean surface, primary production and other biogeochemical processes interact to form organic particles that drive the ocean's biological pump (