ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of ALgorithm for the MANAgement of CHildhood illness (‘ALMANACH’), a digital clinical decision support system (CDSS) based on the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness, on health and quality of care outcomes for sick children attending primary healthcare (PHC) facilities.DesignObservational study, comparing outcomes of children attending facilities implementing ALMANACH with control facilities not yet implementing ALMANACH.SettingPHC facilities in Adamawa State, North-Eastern Nigeria.ParticipantsChildren 2–59 months presenting with an acute illness. Children attending for routine care or nutrition visits (eg, immunisation, growth monitoring), physical trauma or mental health problems were excluded.InterventionsThe ALMANACH intervention package (CDSS implementation with training, mentorship and data feedback) was rolled out across Adamawa’s PHC facilities by the Adamawa State Primary Health Care Development Agency, in partnership with the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute. Tablets were donated, but no additional support or incentives were provided. Intervention and control facilities received supportive supervision based on the national supervision protocol.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was caregiver-reported recovery at day 7, collected over the phone. Secondary outcomes were antibiotic and antimalarial prescription, referral, and communication of diagnosis and follow-up advice, assessed at day 0 exit interview.ResultsWe recruited 1929 children, of which 1021 (53%) attended ALMANACH facilities, between March and September 2020. Caregiver-reported recovery was significantly higher among children attending ALMANACH facilities (adjusted OR=2·63, 95% CI 1·60 to 4·32). We observed higher parenteral and lower oral antimicrobial prescription rates (adjusted OR=2·42 (1·00 to 5·85) and adjusted OR=0·40 (0·22 to 0·73), respectively) in ALMANACH facilities as well as markedly higher rates for referral, communication of diagnosis, and follow-up advice.ConclusionImplementation of digital CDSS with training, mentorship and feedback in primary care can improve quality of care and recovery of sick children in resource-constrained settings, likely mediated by better guideline adherence. These findings support the use of CDSS for health systems strengthening to progress towards universal health coverage.

This paper primarily presents analyses from geophysical data and archaeological remains collected at one of a few known sites to the west of Lake Chad associated with fired-brick structures. It reports on previous fieldwork at the location, considers its alleged relationship with the early history of the Borno kingdom and then turns to present new data that provide fresh insights into the physical appearance, dating, material remains, economy and environment of the site. A brief discussion of the historical purpose of the fired-brick structures and the site itself concludes the paper.Résumée Cet article présente les dates géophysiques et trouvailles archéologiques récoltées dans un des rares sites à l'ouest du Lac Chad associé avec des structures en briques. Il contient tout d'abord un rapport court sur les travaux antécédents sur l'endroit, ensuite des considérations sur sa relation avec l'histoire du jeune royaume de Bornou et tourne enfin à la présentation et l'interprétation des nouvelles dates qui Afr Archaeol Rev (

The study examined Community factors and recidivism in Nigeria: A study of kuje correctional center Abuja. The study hard achieved specific objectives which looked at the impact of community based factor such factors could be explain as poverty, unemployment, ghetto area, poor educational background and lack of proper policies and programmes established by the government or any agency have triggered recidivism, the study to assessed the functionality and rehabilitative facilities in the effective programmes in Kuje correctional center. The study highlighted the causes of recidivism among inmates in Kuje Correctional Centre. to examine the inmates’ perception of the basic infrastructural facilities in Kuje Correctional Centre. The study additionally, introduced social survey research design was adopted and questionnaire instrument of data collection was used, 200 questionnaire were administered to inmates in Kuje correctional center, the questions were obtained and answers were provided through the assistance of research assistance which are the workers from the center, for easy interpretations. The study findings revealed that all the respondents were discovered to be male who are virtually single and within age bracket of 18-35 years. The study also discovered that all the available rehabilitative facilities and programmes are functional including educational programme, carpentry, welding, tailoring, games, guardian and counselling, among others. The study further discovered that poverty and lack of proper reintegration programme are the most causal factors in recidivism, the study had made up recommendations that could improve in the standard of living for those inmates so as it would serve as control mechanism for future occurrences

Community policing relations and partnership among law enforcement aim at crime regulation and management in Nigeria with reference to Nasarawa state, Obi Local Government Area. The study sought to identify community policing and law enforcement in crime prevention; combatting and the problems solving associates with community policing in crime prevention and partnership among law enforcement. Survey design was adopted and Questionnaire were administered. Frequency and percentages were used to describe the responses from respondents which shows that 3.56% was targeted sample from the population, out of 46 of the respondents, representing 29.5% described community policing as very effective mechanism of crime prevention in the study area. As well out of 45 respondents, 28 of the respondents representing 62.22% agreed quality information determined law enforcement and community policing responses on crime prevention. This implies that community policing is an appropriate tool for crime regulation and management. Chi-square based measure was used to examine the relationship between and among the variables and test of hypotheses. Analysis of the study revealed that community policing and police law enforcement in crime prevention has strengthen relationships of the community and the police amongst others. Furthermore, community policing and law enforcement in crime prevention faces inadequate funding, lack of enough physical structures, poor management and logistics to be some of the major problems affecting community policing and police crime prevention. The study concludes and recommends that community policing and law enforcement should be strengthening to curb crime in society. There should also be motivated to enhance effective management of crime and collaboration between the police and community.

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