The laboratory combustion technique operating on a typical combustor of a gas turbine engine is used for soot sampling. Soot particles are derived by combustion of a hydrocarbon mixture at typical cruise C 3 H 8 Èn-C 4 H 10 conditions. Size, morphology, microstructure, surface area, porosity, and the chemical nature of the soot surface particles are studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman and Auger electron spectroscopies (AES), volumetry and gravimetry. Structural irregularities such as micropores determine the speciÐc adsorbability of non-polar gases such as Kr, and With respect to water adsorption, CH 4 C 6 H 6. aircraft combustor soot is far from being hydrophobic. Initial water adsorption on polar heterogeneities leads to pore Ðlling at increasing pressures. The microstructure of soot particles is easily transformed under the inÑuence of adsorbates, giving rise to swelling e †ects. Due to its speciÐc physico-chemical properties aircraft combustor soot may act as contrail condensation nuclei at low sulfur content in the jet fuel.

Articles you may be interested inAdsorbed state of thiophene on Si(100)(2×1) surface studied by electron spectroscopic techniques and semiempirical methods A lowenergy electron diffraction investigation of the surface deformation induced by misfit dislocations in thin MgO films grown on Fe (001) A Heatom scattering study of the frustrated translational mode of CO chemisorbed on defects on copper surfacesThe adsorption and desorption of water on single crystal MgO(100): The role of surface defects A lowenergy electron diffraction data acquisition system for very low electron doses based upon a slow scan charge coupled device camera Rev.The interaction of water with MgO ͑100͒ single crystal surfaces cleaved in situ has been studied by low energy electron diffraction and helium atom scattering in the temperature range 80 K-230 K. At T crystal ϭ100-180 K water forms a layer with a c͑4ϫ2͒ symmetry in good agreement with previous spot profile analysis of low energy electron diffraction experiments. Adsorption at T crystal ϭ185-221 K leads to the formation of a new ordered phase. The results of the low energy electron diffraction and elastic helium atom scattering experiments show that this high-temperature phase has a ͑3ϫ2͒ symmetry, and that the unit cell contains a glide plane. The isosteric heat of adsorption at half coverage Q st ϭ85.3 kJ/mol has been determined from equilibrium adsorption isotherms measured between 210 and 221 K.

This work presents hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cells based on dye-sensitized zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods blended with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) molecules were grafted onto the surface of ZnO nanorods to enlarge the absorption spectrum of the blend. We demonstrate that additional bands in the external quantum efficiency (EQE) spectra corresponding to Soret and Q-band absorption can already been observed at very low dye concentration at the ZnO surface. Therefore, direct grafting of TCPP onto ZnO nanorods leads to very efficient electron injection process into the ZnO nanorods after the light absorption of the dye. However, the overall photocurrent of the devices decreases gradually with TCPP concentration at the ZnO nanorod surface. The recombination dynamics of the photogenerated charges at the P3HT:ZnO interface are investigated by transient absorption spectroscopy on micro-to millisecond time scales. We observe that the lifetime of the P3HT polarons is reduced by an order of magnitude by grafting TCPP of already low concentration at the ZnO surface. Furthermore, high-resolution transmission electronic microscopy analysis of the blend morphology reveals that aggregation of ZnO nanorods within the P3HT is strongly increased by TCPP grafting. Therefore, we conclude that TCPP grafting is beneficial for additional photocurrent generation in the P3HT:ZnO blend but introduces strong modification of the blend morphology and charge carrier dynamics at the P3HT/ZnO interface, which finally reduces the overall photocurrent generation.