Threshold Implementations have become a popular generic technique to construct circuits resilient against power analysis attacks. In this paper, we look to devise efficient threshold circuits for the lightweight block cipher family SKINNY. The only threshold circuits for this family are those proposed by its designers who decomposed the 8-bit S-box into four quadratic S-boxes, and constructed a 3-share byte-serial threshold circuit that executes the substitution layer over four cycles. In particular, we revisit the algebraic structure of the S-box and prove that it is possible to decompose it into (a) three quadratic S-boxes and (b) two cubic S-boxes. Such decompositions allow us to construct threshold circuits that require three shares and executes each round function in three cycles instead of four, and similarly circuits that use four shares requiring two cycles per round. Our constructions significantly reduce latency and energy consumption per encryption operation. Notably, to validate our designs, we synthesize our circuits on standard CMOS cell libraries to evaluate performance, and we conduct leakage detection via statistical tests on power traces on FPGA platforms to assess security. 1
This article presents a pragmaphilological approach to the analysis of a recently discovered Novgorodian birchbark letter (N955) written in the course of matchmaking. This document has an unusual format and includes ornamentation generally associated with parchment manuscripts. My chief goal is to reconstruct the complex communicative situation and social functions that it reflects. To be properly understood, the text, format, and ornamentation should be treated holistically, as functionally interrelated elements. I show that the visually and textually discrete sections of the letter pertain to different addressees or to addressees with changing social roles in the communicative event. Finally, in an excursus, I offer an interpretation of two words that differs from the one in the published edition.Аннотация Cтатья посвящена анализу недавно открытой новгородской берестяной грамоты 955, которая была написана во время сватовства. Данная грамота име-ет своеобразные формат и орнамент, характерные для пергаментных рукописей, но не встречающиеся в других дошедших до нас берестяных грамотах. Главной целью статьи является восстановление сложной коммуникативной ситуации и социальных функций, отраженных в грамоте. Для того, чтобы дать правильную трактовку дан-ной грамоты, необходимо рассматривать текст, формат и орнамент целостно, как функционально взаимосвязанные элементы. Считаем, что визуально и текстуально I would like to express my deep gratitude to Jos Schaeken and Alexey Gippius for their insightful comments. I am also indebted to the two anonymous reviewers; the participants of the conference '
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