A survey of clinical views suggests that the significance of antisocial and socially deviant behavior in the diagnosis of psychopathic personality disorder is unclear. To investigate this issue, we evaluated Psychopathy Checklist-Revised ratings (PCL-R; Hare, 1991) using structural equation modeling. One model, referred to as the measurement model, included PCL-R ratings related to antisocial behavior as primary symptoms of psychopathy; a second, referred to as the causal model, included the same PCL-R ratings as secondary symptoms or consequences. Compared to the measurement models, the causal model included more PCL-R items, was more parsimonious, and had equal or superior fit indices. These findings suggest that antisocial behavior is best viewed as a secondary symptom or consequence of psychopathy, In addition, the findings have important implications for future research and clinical-forensic practice, especially concerning the assessment of risk for criminality and violence.

A new cyclodimerization of ruthenium carbenes and alkynes is reported. The cyclodimerization produces substituted cyclopentadienes and consumes the carbene complex. Cyclodimerization of alkynes is predominant at low alkene concentrations and was found to be competitive with enyne metathesis. The presence of the ortho alkyl ether in the ruthenium carbene complex appears to be a critical determinant for the formation of cyclopentadienes. At higher alkene concentration, the observed cyclodimerization can be suppressed, favoring enyne metathesis.

A survey of clinical views suggests that the significance of antisocial and socially deviant behavior in the diagnosis of psychopathic personality disorder is unclear. To investigate this issue, we evaluated Psychopathy Checklist-Revised ratings (PCL-R; Hare, 1991) using structural equation modeling. One model, referred to as the measurement model, included PCL-R ratings related to antisocial behavior as primary symptoms of psychopathy; a second, referred to as the causal model, included the same PCL-R ratings as secondary symptoms or consequences. Compared to the measurement models, the causal model included more PCL-R items, was more parsimonious, and had equal or superior fit indices. These findings suggest that antisocial behavior is best viewed as a secondary symptom or consequence of psychopathy, In addition, the findings have important implications for future research and clinical-forensic practice, especially concerning the assessment of risk for criminality and violence.

Reagents and Catalyts: Reagents were purchased and used without further purification, unless otherwise stated; K 3 PO 4 was ground into a fine powder before use with a mortar and pestle.The following compounds were prepared according to literature procedures:The following compounds were purchased commercially:3-Amino-2-chloropyridine 98% was purchased from Matrix and used as received.(R)-1-Phenylethylamine was purchased from Oakwood and used as received.(S)-1-Phenylethylamine was purchased from Oakwood and used as received.2,2-Dimethoxypropane was purchased from Alfa Aesar and used as received.2,3-Dichloropyrazine 98% was purchased from AK Scientific and used as received.2,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde 98% was purchased from Alfa Aesar and used as received.2-Chlorobenzaldehyde was purchased from Aldrich and used as received. Di-t-butylphosphino-3,4,5,6-tetramethyl-2',4',6'-tri-i-propylbiphenyl (L1) was purchased from Strem and used as received. 2-2-Pyridine carboxaldehyde was purchased from Aldrich and used as received.3-amino-2,5-dichloropyridine 98% was purchased from Matrix and used as received.4Å mol. Sieves were purchased from Aldrich and used as received.Acetamide was purchased from TCI America and used as received.Benzamide was purchased from TCI America and used as received.Benzyl amine was purchased from TCI America and used as received.Cesium carbonate 99% was purchased from Aldrich and used as received.Cu(OAc) 2 98% was purchased from Strem and used as received.Cyclohexane carboxaldehyde was purchased from Aldrich and used as received.Cyclohexanone was purchased from Alfa Aesar and used as received.Cyclopentanone was purchased from Aldrich and used as received.Diisopropylamine was purchased from Aldrich and distilled from CaH 2 prior to use. Formamide >99.5% was purchased from Aldrich and used as received.Hexachloroethane was purchased from Aldrich and used as received.Iodine 99% was purchased from Aldrich and used as received. K 3 PO 4 was purchased from Aldrich and used as received.MgSO 4 was purchased from Acros and used as received.Morpholine was purchased from Acros and used as received.Na 2 SO 4 was purchased from Fisher and used as received.n-BuLi was purchased from Aldrich and used as received.n-Butylamine was purchased from TCI America and used as received.Palladium (II) acetate 98% was purchased from Strem and used as received.Phenylboronic acid 98+% was purchased from Alfa Aesar and used as received.Pivaldehyde was purchased from Acros and used as received.p-Methoxybenzaldehyade 98% was purchased from Aldrich and used as received.p-Methoxyphenylboronic acid 97% was purchased from Matrix and used as received.