Objective: Evaluate effects of acellular equine liquid amnion allograft (ELAA) injected into healthy equine joints. Study design: Randomized, blinded, controlled experiment.Animals: Eight healthy adult horses. Methods: One intercarpal joint (ICJ) of each horse was randomly assigned to be injected with 1.5 ml of ELAA (treatment) while the contralateral ICJ was injected with 1.5 ml of 0.9% NaCl (control). Subjective lameness evaluation, force plate analysis, and synovial fluid analysis, including interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) analysis, were performed before (day 0) and at days 1, 3, 5, and 10. Synovial fluid analysis was also performed on days 20 and 30.Results: No difference in subjective lameness (P = .75) and no decrease in peak vertical force or vertical impulse were seen in any limb on any day. Total nucleated cell count (TNCC) was increased in treatment joints on days 1 (P = .0007; T: 6039 cells/μl, C: 240 cells/μl) and 3 (P < .0001; T: 1119 cells/μl, C: 240 cells/μl). Log-10 transformed values for IL-1ra were higher in treated joints on days 1 (P = .0005; T: 3553.7 pg/ml, C: 1890.1 pg/ml) and 3 (P = .01; T: 2283.2 pg/ml, C: 1250.7 pg/ml). Conclusion:Injection of ELAA into the ICJ caused an increase in synovial fluid TNCC in comparison with saline control but no lameness was observed. There was increased IL-1ra on days 1 and 3 after ELAA injection.Clinical significance: Intra-articular injection of ELAA into healthy equine joints results in no significant safety concerns. The observed increase in IL-1ra may provide beneficial effects in inflamed joints. | INTRODUCTIONOsteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of morbidity in horses with $25% of horses affected in their lifetime. 1 Many common treatments are symptomatic rather than disease modifying 1 and chondrocytes have limited Preliminary results were presented at the Equine Regenerative Medicine and Orthobiologics Summit, October 11, 2021.
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