Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) have been an increasing global public health threat to the globe. Paediatric hospitalized patients are particularly to HAIs and the identification of risk factors is essential to help policy-makers and hospital managers to develop prevention and control strategies. This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with HAIs among paediatric hospitalized patients in Chinese general hospitals.Methods: Medline, EMBASE and Chinese Journals Online databases were searched. The search was limited to studies published from January 1st 2001 and December 31st 2020. Meta-analyses of OR in the prevalence were estimated. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed based on the B2 and I2 statistics to select the meta-analysis model. Reviewer Manager 5.3 was employed and P<0.05 was considered as the statistical significance.Results: 205 published articled were searched from the databases, in which 25 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis and meta-analysis for the risk factors of HAIs among paediatric hospitalized patients in Chinese general hospitals. 61,773 paediatric patients were incorporated in the included studies, which covered 13 regions in 10 provinces in China. Of them, 2,438 paediatric patients had HAIs. The meta-analyses showed that the ORs of younger age(2.25[1.32-3.85]), hormone(3.66[1.73-7.74]), invasive procedures(5.62[4.27-7.40]), longer hospitalization stay (7.79[6.38-9.50]), malnutrition(3.72,[1.80-7.70]), over 3 kinds of antibiotics (3.25,[2.66-3.96]), over 3 kinds of underlying disease (4.24[1.84-9.78]), large room (2.22[1.28-3.85)), and autumns and winter (1.56[1.04-2.35)) were the independent risk factors that had a negative impact on HAIs with a statistical significance (P<0.05).Conclusions: Under the age of 1 year, application of hormone, experiencing invasive procedure, hospitalization stay more than 7 days, malnutrition, using more than 3 kinds of antibiotics, beyond 3 kinds of underlying disease, large room, and autumn and winter were the main risk factors associated with the higher prevalence of HAIs among paediatric hospitalized patients in Chinese general hospitals. This provided the evidence base to inform the policy-makers and hospital managers. The confirmed successful and cost-effective prevention and control measures need to be adopted to reduce the occurrence of HAIs.
Hot Jupiters are gas giant planets that have proximity to their host stars with very short orbital periods. The discovery of hot Jupiters challenges the previous hypothesis of planetary formation. To improve our knowledge of Hot Jupiters, this work further investigates over 50 stars surrounded by hot Jupiters by analyzing the updated transit data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), and the radial velocity data primarily from the Keck Telescope. With the limb darkening model and the eccentric orbit model, planetary parameters of the stars are updated. Furthermore, the evidence of wide orbiting planetary masses of some planetary systems is discovered in this paper. Further investigations could be done on the presence of the unseen and non-transiting masses to support the migration hypothesis of the formation of Hot Jupiters.
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