In this paper, we give attention to the robustness of the Cyber-Physical System, which consists of interdependent physical resources and computational resources. Numerous infrastructure systems can evolve into the Cyber-Physical System, e.g., smart power grids, traffic control systems, and wireless sensor and actuator networks. These networks depend on their interdependent networks, which provide information or energy to function. In a Cyber-Physical System, a small failure could trigger serious cascading failures within the entire interdependent networks. In this paper, we try to alleviate these cascading failures between interdependent networks to reduce losses. We discuss the robustness of systems for random attacks by calculating the size of functioning components in entire networks. We change the inter-links topology of the coupled networks to enhance the reliability of the entire system. Then we get the most effective swapping strategy in enhancing the robustness of the Cyber-Physical System compared to previous studies. Different systems' structures would influence the performance of swap inter links strategies on improving the reliability of networks. Moreover, our work could guide how to optimize a Cyber-Physical System topology by reducing the influence of cascading failures. INDEX TERMS Cyber-physical system, interdependent networks, cascading failures, swap inter-links strategy, robustness, giant component.
Collective motions of animals that move towards the same direction is a
conspicuous feature in nature. Such groups of animals are called a
self-propelled agent (SPA) systems. Many studies have been focused on the
synchronization of isolated SPA systems. In real scenarios, different SPA
systems are coupled with each other forming a network of SPA systems. For
example, a flock of birds and a school of fish show predator-prey relationships
and different groups of birds may compete for food. In this work, we propose a
general framework to study the collective motion of coupled self-propelled agent
systems. Especially, we study how three different connections between SPA
systems: symbiosis, predator-prey, and competition influence the synchronization
of the network of SPA systems. We find that a network of SPA systems coupled
with symbiosis relationship arrive at a complete synchronization as all its
subsystems showing a complete synchronization; a network of SPA systems coupled
by predator-prey relationship can not reach a complete synchronization and its
subsystems converges to different synchronized directions; and the competitive
relationship between SPA systems could increase the synchronization of each SPA
systems, while the network of SPA systems coupled by competitive relationships
shows an optimal synchronization for small coupling strength, indicating that
small competition promotes the synchronization of the entire system.
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