In Japan, Cryptomeria japonica pollen are scattered during each spring season. Daughter allergenic particles are released, which are smaller in size than their parent pollen grain and are abundant in a particle size below 1.1 μm in the atmosphere; nevertheless, Cryptomeria japonica pollen size is about 30 μm. Therefore, daughter allergenic particles of pollen are transported in the urban atmosphere for a long time after their release. In particular, the daily variation delays in the peaks of allergenic Cry j 1 concentrations of Cryptomeria japonica pollen compared with the peaks of airborne pollen counts were observed in high levels during one or two sunny days after rainfall. In addition, long range transportation of Asian dust from the East Asian continent, called yellow sand, was also found during the pollen scattering seasons in Japan, due to global warming. Therefore, the interaction between pollen and air pollutants, including yellow sand, should be of concern. Thus, in this study, the morphological change of Cryptomeria japonica pollen and the elution behavior of its allergenic contents (Cry j 1) were also investigated when in contact with simulated air polluted rain containing various crustal particles and/or secondary formed inorganic particles. As a result, pollen might burst at high humidity before www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541 (on-line) WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol 136,
ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. flaming machine, insect pest, paraquat, southern China, thermal weeding SUMMARY. Widespread herbicide-resistant weeds and severe insect pest infestations pose a challenge to the preplant pest management (PPPM) strategy currently in use in leaf vegetable fields in southern China. The aim of this study was to develop a new weed and insect control method for use before planting leaf vegetables in southern China. Two flaming machines (a tractor mounted and a trolley flaming machine) were designed, and their efficacies for the control of insect and weed pests were evaluated and compared in two field trials. With liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) at 101 kgÁha L1 , flaming machines reduced plant numbers by 86.7% to 98.8% 2 days after treatment (DAT), which was equal to or higher than the reduction after application of paraquat at 900 gÁha L1 . Some weed species, especially awnless barnyard grass (Echinochloa colona) and goosegrass (Eleusine indica), regrew at 7 DAT, resulting in a decrease in control efficacy. Flaming machines also reduced the number of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) larvae by 83.0% to 88.2% and the number of adult striped flea beetles (Phyllotreta striolata) by 64.9% to 80.9%. This is the first report on flaming treatment in China to show that this method is a promising alternative to chemical pesticides for PPPM in leaf vegetable fields.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.