A series of metal gluconates (Na(+), K(+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Fe(2+), Cu(2+), and Zn(2+)) were investigated by terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy. The absorption coefficients and refractive indices of the samples were obtained in the frequency range of 0.5-2.6 THz. The gluconates showed distinct THz characteristic fingerprints, and the dissimilarities reflect their different structures, hydrogen-bond networks, and molecular interactions. In addition, some common features were observed among these gluconates, and the similarities probably come from the similar carbohydrate anion group. The X-ray powder diffraction measurements of these metal gluconates were performed, and the copper(II) gluconate was found to be amorphous, corresponding to the monotonic increase feature in the THz absorption spectrum. The results suggest that THz spectroscopy is sensitive to molecular structure and physical form. Binary and ternary mixtures of different gluconates were quantitatively analyzed based on the Beer-Lambert law. A chemical map of a tablet containing calcium D-gluconate monohydrate and α-lactose in the polyethylene host was obtained by THz imaging. The study shows that THz technology is a useful tool in pharmaceutical research and quality control applications.
In this paper, the non-polluting, non-toxic, and eco-friendly material-MnO 2 electrodes were deposited on threedimensional porous nickel (Ni) foam by linear sweep voltammetry, and the entire electrodeposition process did not require sintering of the material, which was fast and convenient while avoiding unnecessary energy consumption and thus was environmentally friendly. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the surface and microscopic characteristics of each sample (TEM). Chronoamperometry (CA), cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were then used to determine the electrochemical characteristics of the manufactured samples. The result suggests that the MnO 2 -sv80 electrode sample at a scan rate of 80 mV/s −1 has excellent performance for the supercapacitor electrode. The specific capacitance was as high as 531.4 F g −1 at a current density of 1 A g −1 and remained at 223.2 F g −1 at an ultra-high current density of 20 A g −1 , with capacitance retention of 42%.
A study was carried to test the response of mudskipper for 8 days under four lead concentrations. Fish exposed to 2 mg/L Pb had the lowest glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in liver and glutathione (G SH) activities in liver and gill. Liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) in fish exposed to 1 and 2 mg/L Pb was lower than that in fish exposed to 0 and 0.5 mg/L Pb. However, the higher content of malondialdehyde (M DA) in gill and liver was found in 2 mg/L Pb group. The lower SOD, glutathione s-transferase (G ST), heat shock proteins 70 (HSP-70) and HSP-90 expression in gill and liver were found in 0 mg/L Pb group. During the 8-day period, catalase(CAT), GPX and GSH activates in gill were the lowest at 8d. The lowest CAT activity in liver and the highest M DA content in gill and liver were found at day 8. The highest values of SOD and HSP -90 expression in gill were found at day 2. but the highest values of HSP-70 expression in liver were found from days 6 to 8. This study indicated that Pb-induced ROS generation is not fully counteracted by antioxidant enzymes. Functional enzyme activity was affected by mRNA expression.
In the recent years, with the rapid development of the city construction, here is a problem that residents are dissatisfied with the accessibility of public services. It has imposed negative effects on the living standard of cities. This thesis chooses urban parks in Gulou District of Nanjing as the vector of the accessibility research. It tries to have a comprehensive and deep analysis on accessibility of urban park by means of GIS, based on the data which is obtained from land utilization map of Nanjing in 2006 years and first-hand questionnaires.
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