New strategies targeting stimulator of interferon genes (STING) proteins appear promising for eliciting immunotherapeutic responses. Activation of the STING pathway under the right circumstances can drive dendritic cell maturation, antitumor macrophage differentiation, T cell initiation and activation, natural killer cell activation, vascular reprogramming and/or cancer cell death, leading to immune-mediated tumor elimination and generation of antitumor immune memory. However, activation of the STING signaling pathway is complicated in tumor immunity. On one hand, there has been shown that STING signaling promoted tumor growth. On the other hand, cGAS-STING pathway has great potential for regulating antitumor immunity. The development of activators of the cGAS-STING pathway may profoundly chang tumor immunotherapy, providing an excellent direction for the development and clinical application of immunotherapeutic strategies for related diseases.This review provides a concise summary of the role of the STING pathway in tumors in recent years.
IntroductionBacterial meningitis (BM) is an infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality rates in children. Although vaccination has improved prevention of BM, this severe disease continues to cause considerable harm to children across the globe. Several risk factors have been identified for BM, including immune status, age, and sex. However, additional patient and disease information is required in order to better understand the local characteristics, epidemiology and risk factors of BM.MethodsHere, we collected information from 252 children with BM in the Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Centre medical record database infected with Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Escherichia coli between May 2015 and May 2022.ResultsThe three pathogen infected BM cased showed distinct trends during the period, and distribution of three BM pathogens across age groups varied significantly. We reviewed the antimicrobial resistance patterns for each of the pathogens which may direct drug use in BM. Finally, we found blood WBC was a protective factor, while glucose levels in the CFS was risk factor, for the length of hospitalization.DiscussionCollectively, this study provides multi-parameter characteristics of BM, and potentially guide the drug use.
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